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Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) and Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (NODEs) represent two distinct machine learning frameworks for modeling nonlinear neuronal dynamics. This study systematically evaluates their performance…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Nikolaos M. Matzakos , Chrisovalantis Sfyrakis

Partial differential equation (PDE) solvers are fundamental to engineering simulation. Classical mesh-based approaches (finite difference/volume/element) are fast and accurate on high-quality meshes but struggle with higher-order operators…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Akshay Govind Srinivasan , Vikas Dwivedi , Balaji Srinivasan

Solving differential equations efficiently and accurately sits at the heart of progress in many areas of scientific research, from classical dynamical systems to quantum mechanics. There is a surge of interest in using Physics-Informed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Shaan Desai , Marios Mattheakis , Hayden Joy , Pavlos Protopapas , Stephen Roberts

We introduce a new approach for solving forward systems of differential equations using a combination of splitting methods and physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). The proposed method, splitting PINN, effectively addresses the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-02 Simin Shekarpaz , Fanhai Zeng , George Karniadakis

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN) are neural networks (NNs) that encode model equations, like Partial Differential Equations (PDE), as a component of the neural network itself. PINNs are nowadays used to solve PDEs, fractional…

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as a promising way to compute the solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs) using deep neural networks. However, despite their significant success in various fields, it…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-07-15 Seungchan Ko , Sang Hyeon Park

As a typical application of deep learning, physics-informed neural network (PINN) {has been} successfully used to find numerical solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs), but how to improve the limited accuracy is still a great…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Zhi-Yong Zhang , Hui Zhang , Li-Sheng Zhang , Lei-Lei Guo

Physics-informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have been shown as a promising approach for solving both forward and inverse problems of partial differential equations (PDEs). Meanwhile, the neural operator approach, including methods such as Deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Bin Lin , Zhiping Mao , Zhicheng Wang , George Em Karniadakis

A key aspect of learned partial differential equation (PDE) solvers is that the main cost often comes from generating training data with classical solvers rather than learning the model itself. Another is that there are clear axes of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Naman Choudhary , Vedant Singh , Ameet Talwalkar , Nicholas Matthew Boffi , Mikhail Khodak , Tanya Marwah

Neural Networks (NNs) can be used to solve Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations (ODEs and PDEs) by redefining the question as an optimization problem. The objective function to be optimized is the sum of the squares of the PDE to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Veronica Guidetti , Francesco Muia , Yvette Welling , Alexander Westphal

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) provide a deep learning framework for numerically solving partial differential equations (PDEs), and have been widely used in a variety of PDE problems. However, there still remain some challenges in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Wensheng Li , Chao Zhang , Chuncheng Wang , Hanting Guan , Dacheng Tao

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a promising mesh-free paradigm for solving partial differential equations, yet adoption in science and engineering is limited by slow training and modest accuracy relative to modern…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Pao-Hsiung Chiu , Jian Cheng Wong , Chin Chun Ooi , Chang Wei , Yuchen Fan , Yew-Soon Ong

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been demonstrated to be efficient in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) from a variety of experimental perspectives. Some recent studies have also proposed PINN algorithms for PDEs on…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-08-06 Guanhang Lei , Zhen Lei , Lei Shi , Chenyu Zeng , Ding-Xuan Zhou

In this paper, the physics-informed neural networks (PINN) is applied to high-dimensional system to solve the (N+1)-dimensional initial boundary value problem with 2N+1 hyperplane boundaries. This method is used to solve the most classic…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2022-01-26 Zhengwu Miao , Yong Chen

When solving time-dependent partial differential equations(PDEs), traditional physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have inherent limitations: due to the lack of temporal causality, the network is forced to learn the later-time control…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-15 Xun Yang , Guanqiu Ma , Maohua Ran

Numerous applications necessitate the computation of numerical solutions to differential equations across a wide range of initial conditions and system parameters, which feeds the demand for efficient yet accurate numerical integration…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-04-09 Amine Othmane , Kathrin Flaßkamp

Deep learning has been highly successful in some applications. Nevertheless, its use for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) has only been of recent interest with current state-of-the-art machine learning libraries, e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Hamid El Bahja , Jan Christian Hauffen , Peter Jung , Bubacarr Bah , Issa Karambal

In recent years, Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have become a representative method for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) with neural networks. PINNs provide a novel approach to solving PDEs through optimization…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-11-28 Weiwei Zhang , Wei Suo , Jiahao Song , Wenbo Cao

Despite the great promise of the physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) in solving forward and inverse problems, several technical challenges are present as roadblocks for more complex and realistic applications. First, most existing…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Han Gao , Matthew J. Zahr , Jian-Xun Wang

Physics informed neural network (PINN) based solution methods for differential equations have recently shown success in a variety of scientific computing applications. Several authors have reported difficulties, however, when using PINNs to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-10-16 Arnav Gangal , Luis Kim , Sean P. Carney