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We study parameter transferability for the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) across multiple combinatorial optimization problem classes from a parameter generation perspective. Specifically, a meta-optimizer is trained on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Kien X. Nguyen , Ilya Safro

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a leading candidate algorithm for solving optimization problems on quantum computers. However, the potential of QAOA to tackle classically intractable problems remains unclear. Here,…

Advances in quantum computing over the last two decades have required sophisticated mathematical frameworks to deepen the understanding of quantum algorithms. In this review, we introduce the theory of Lie groups and their algebras to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-17 P. A. S. de Alcântara , Gabriel Audi , Leandro Morais

Quantum Approximate Optimisation (QAOA) is the most studied gate based variational quantum algorithm today. We train QAOA one layer at a time to maximize overlap with an $n$ qubit target state. Doing so we discovered that such training…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-22 E. Campos , D. Rabinovich , V. Akshay , J. Biamonte

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) have received considerable attention due to their potential for achieving near-term quantum advantage. However, more work is needed to understand their scalability. One known scaling result for VQAs is…

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm to solve binary-variable optimization problems. Due to the short circuit depth and its expected robustness to systematic errors, it is one of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-23 Jason Larkin , Matías Jonsson , Daniel Justice , Gian Giacomo Guerreschi

Recently, Digitized-Counterdiabatic (CD) Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) has been proposed to make QAOA converge to the solution of an optimization problem in fewer steps, inspired by Trotterized counterdiabatic driving in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-09 Mara Vizzuso , Gianluca Passarelli , Giovanni Cantele , Procolo Lucignano

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a leading iterative variational quantum algorithm for heuristically solving combinatorial optimization problems. A large portion of the computational effort in QAOA is spent by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-23 Ohad Amosy , Tamuz Danzig , Ely Porat , Gal Chechik , Adi Makmal

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a variational quantum algorithm (VQA) ideal for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors, and is highly successful in solving combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). It…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-23 Francesco Aldo Venturelli , Sreetama Das , Filippo Caruso

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a general purpose quantum algorithm designed for combinatorial optimization. We analyze its expected performance and prove concentration properties at any constant level (number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Joao Basso , David Gamarnik , Song Mei , Leo Zhou

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is one of the most promising candidates for achieving quantum advantage through quantum-enhanced combinatorial optimization. A near-optimal solution to the combinatorial optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-12 Alexey Galda , Eesh Gupta , Jose Falla , Xiaoyuan Liu , Danylo Lykov , Yuri Alexeev , Ilya Safro

Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has shown promise in solving combinatorial optimization problems by providing quantum speedup on near-term gate-based quantum computing systems. However, QAOA faces challenges for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Seongmin Kim , Vincent R. Pascuzzi , Zhihao Xu , Tengfei Luo , Eungkyu Lee , In-Saeng Suh

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm can naturally be applied to combinatorial search problems on graphs. The quantum circuit has p applications of a unitary operator that respects the locality of the graph. On a graph with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-21 Edward Farhi , David Gamarnik , Sam Gutmann

In this paper, the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is analyzed by leveraging symmetries inherent in problem Hamiltonians. We focus on the generalized formulation of optimization problems defined on the sets of $n$-element…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-23 Boris Tsvelikhovskiy , Ilya Safro , Yuri Alexeev

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a promising algorithm for solving combinatorial optimization problems (COPs), with performance governed by variational parameters $\{\gamma_i, \beta_i\}_{i=0}^{p-1}$. While most prior…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-07 J. A. Montanez-Barrera , Kristel Michielsen

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a near-term hybrid algorithm intended to solve combinatorial optimization problems, such as MaxCut. QAOA can be made to mimic an adiabatic schedule, and in the $p\to\infty$ limit the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-02 Jonathan Wurtz , Peter J. Love

Quantum optimization algorithms are inherently probabilistic, yet they are most often used to search for a single high-quality solution. In this paper, we instead study hypergraph partitioning problems in which the desired output is itself…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Cameron Ibrahim , Bao G. Bach , Jad Salem , Reuben Tate , Kien X. Nguyen , Stephan Eidenbenz , Ilya Safro

Despite its popularity, several empirical and theoretical studies suggest that the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has persistent issues in providing a substantial practical advantage. Numerical results for few qubits and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Gereon Koßmann , Lennart Binkowski , Lauritz van Luijk , Timo Ziegler , René Schwonnek

Combinatorial optimization is regarded as a potentially promising application of near and long-term quantum computers. The best-known heuristic quantum algorithm for combinatorial optimization on gate-based devices, the Quantum Approximate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-22 Sami Boulebnane , Ashley Montanaro

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm can be applied to search problems on graphs with a cost function that is a sum of terms corresponding to the edges. When conjugating an edge term, the QAOA unitary at depth p produces an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-19 Edward Farhi , David Gamarnik , Sam Gutmann