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Fine-tuning adapts a pre-trained model to downstream tasks using a small amount of labeled data. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is an efficient fine-tuning method that reduces memory and computation costs while often achieving performance close…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ali Zindari , Rotem Mulayoff , Sebastian U. Stich

Large volumes of text data have contributed significantly to the development of large language models (LLMs) in recent years. This data is typically acquired by scraping the internet, leading to pretraining datasets comprised of noisy web…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Max Marion , Ahmet Üstün , Luiza Pozzobon , Alex Wang , Marzieh Fadaee , Sara Hooker

High-quality and carefully curated data is a cornerstone of training medical large language models, as it directly impacts both generalization and robustness to unseen clinical tasks. We investigate strategies for training and data curation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Timothy Ossowski , Sheng Zhang , Qianchu Liu , Guanghui Qin , Reuben Tan , Tristan Naumann , Junjie Hu , Hoifung Poon

Although parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods, such as LoRA, only modify a small subset of parameters, they can have a significant impact on the model. Our instruction-tuning experiments show that LoRA-based supervised fine-tuning can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Matthew Riemer , Erik Miehling , Miao Liu , Djallel Bouneffouf , Murray Campbell

Despite rapid advances in the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), they continue to struggle with following relatively simple and unambiguous instructions, particularly when compositional structure is involved. Recent work suggests…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Prince Kumar , Rudra Murthy , Riyaz Bhat , Danish Contractor

In the era of data-centric AI, the ability to curate high-quality training data is as crucial as model design. Coresets offer a principled approach to data reduction, enabling efficient learning on large datasets through importance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Morad Tukan , Loay Mualem , Eitan Netzer , Liran Sigalat

The standard paradigm for training deep learning models on sensor data assumes that more data is always better. However, raw sensor streams are often imbalanced and contain significant redundancy, meaning that not all data points contribute…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Federico Pennino , Maurizio Gabbrielli

In many randomized experiments, the treatment effect of the long-term metric (i.e. the primary outcome of interest) is often difficult or infeasible to measure. Such long-term metrics are often slow to react to changes and sufficiently…

Machine learning models only provide probabilistic guarantees on the expected loss of random samples from the distribution represented by their training data. As a result, a model with high accuracy, may or may not be reliable for…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Nima Shahbazi , Abolfazl Asudeh

Data Shapley provides a principled framework for attributing data's contribution within machine learning contexts. However, existing approaches require re-training models on different data subsets, which is computationally intensive,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jiachen T. Wang , Prateek Mittal , Dawn Song , Ruoxi Jia

Algorithm evaluation and comparison are fundamental questions in machine learning and statistics -- how well does an algorithm perform at a given modeling task, and which algorithm performs best? Many methods have been developed to assess…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-25 Yuetian Luo , Rina Foygel Barber

We consider small-data, large-scale decision problems in which a firm must make many operational decisions simultaneously (e.g., across a large product portfolio) while observing only a few, potentially noisy, data points per instance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Zishi Zhang , Jinhui Han , Ming Hu , Yijie Peng

Pretraining language models directly on web-scale corpora is the de facto paradigm. We study an alternative where the model is initially exposed to abstract structured data to ease the subsequent acquisition of rich semantic knowledge, much…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Liangze Jiang , Zachary Shinnick , Anton van den Hengel , Hemanth Saratchandran , Damien Teney

The wide use of machine learning is fundamentally changing the software development paradigm (a.k.a. Software 2.0) where data becomes a first-class citizen, on par with code. As machine learning is used in sensitive applications, it becomes…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-04-25 Ki Hyun Tae , Yuji Roh , Young Hun Oh , Hyunsu Kim , Steven Euijong Whang

Highly overparametrized neural networks can display curiously strong generalization performance - a phenomenon that has recently garnered a wealth of theoretical and empirical research in order to better understand it. In contrast to most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Jorg Bornschein , Francesco Visin , Simon Osindero

Machine learning components are now central to AI-infused software systems, from recommendations and code assistants to clinical decision support. As regulations and governance frameworks increasingly require deleting sensitive data from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Anna Mazhar , Sainyam Galhotra

Continual pre-training has been urgent for adapting a pre-trained model to a multitude of domains and tasks in the fast-evolving world. In practice, a continually pre-trained model is expected to demonstrate not only greater capacity when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Gangwei Jiang , Caigao Jiang , Siqiao Xue , James Y. Zhang , Jun Zhou , Defu Lian , Ying Wei

The great success of deep learning heavily relies on increasingly larger training data, which comes at a price of huge computational and infrastructural costs. This poses crucial questions that, do all training data contribute to model's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Shuo Yang , Zeke Xie , Hanyu Peng , Min Xu , Mingming Sun , Ping Li

In software engineering, deep learning models are increasingly deployed for critical tasks such as bug detection and code review. However, overfitting remains a challenge that affects the quality, reliability, and trustworthiness of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Hao Li , Gopi Krishnan Rajbahadur , Dayi Lin , Cor-Paul Bezemer , Zhen Ming , Jiang

Machine learning models that offer excellent predictive performance often lack the interpretability necessary to support integrated human machine decision-making. In clinical medicine and other high-risk settings, domain experts may be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Zach Wood-Doughty , Isabel Cachola , Mark Dredze