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A new characterization of Hamiltonian graphs using f-cutset matrix is proposed. Based on this new characterization, a new exact polynomial time algorithm for the traveling salesman problem (TSP) is developed. We then define the so-called…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-02-26 Dhananjay P. Mehendale

In the pursuit of achieving near-term quantum advantage for combinatorial optimization problems, the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) and the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) are the primary methods of interest, but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-06 Adelina Bärligea , Benedikt Poggel , Jeanette Miriam Lorenz

We present a physics inspired heuristic method for solving combinatorial optimization problems. Our approach is specifically motivated by the desire to avoid trapping in metastable local minima- a common occurrence in hard problems with…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-03-15 Bo Sun , Blake Leonard , Peter Ronhovde , Zohar Nussinov

Ising solvers with hierarchical clustering have shown promise for large-scale Traveling Salesman Problems (TSPs), in terms of latency and energy. However, most of these methods still face unacceptable quality degradation as the problem size…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Sangmin Yoo , Amod Holla , Sourav Sanyal , Dong Eun Kim , Francesca Iacopi , Dwaipayan Biswas , James Myers , Kaushik Roy

Various neural network models have been proposed to tackle combinatorial optimization problems such as the travelling salesman problem (TSP). Existing learning-based TSP methods adopt a simple setting that the training and testing data are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Zeyang Zhang , Ziwei Zhang , Xin Wang , Wenwu Zhu

The Coherent Ising Machine (CIM) is a quantum network of optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) intended to find ground states of the Ising model. This is an NP-hard problem, related to several important minimization problems, including the…

Iterative Refinement (IR) is a classical computing technique for obtaining highly precise solutions to linear systems of equations, as well as linear optimization problems. In this paper, motivated by the limited precision of quantum…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-19 Mohammadhossein Mohammadisiahroudi , Brandon Augustino , Pouya Sampourmahani , Tamás Terlaky

Quantum computing brings a promise of new approaches into computational quantum chemistry. While universal, fault-tolerant quantum computers are still not available, we want to utilize today's noisy quantum processors. One of their flagship…

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is one of the most promising algorithms for low-lying eigenstates calculation on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers. Specifically, VQE has achieved great success for ground state…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-19 Hengzhun Chen , Yingzhou Li , Bichen Lu , Jianfeng Lu

In the maximum traveling salesman problem (Max TSP) we are given a complete undirected graph with nonnegative weights on the edges and we wish to compute a traveling salesman tour of maximum weight. We present a fast combinatorial $\frac…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-03-22 Szymon Dudycz , Jan Marcinkowski , Katarzyna Paluch , Bartosz Rybicki

Current hardware limitations restrict the potential when solving quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems via the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) or quantum annealing (QA). Thus, we consider training…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-30 Thomas Gabor , Sebastian Feld , Hila Safi , Thomy Phan , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

Traveling salesman problem is a NP-hard problem. Until now, researchers have not found a polynomial time algorithm for traveling salesman problem. Among the existing algorithms, dynamic programming algorithm can solve the problem in time…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-10-16 Yunpeng Li

In this paper we study quantum algorithms for NP-complete problems whose best classical algorithm is an exponential time application of dynamic programming. We introduce the path in the hypercube problem that models many of these dynamic…

Ising machines (IM) are physics-inspired alternatives to von Neumann architectures for solving hard optimization tasks. By mapping binary variables to coupled Ising spins, IMs can naturally solve unconstrained combinatorial optimization…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Corentin Delacour

TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem), a classic NP-complete problem in combinatorial optimization, is of great significance in multiple fields. Exact algorithms for TSP are not practical due to their exponential time cost. Thus, approximate…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Yang Li , Junbin Gao , Mingyuan Bai , Chengjun Li , Gang Liu

Accurate quantum chemistry simulations remain challenging on classical computers for problems of industrially relevant sizes and there is reason for hope that quantum computing may help push the boundaries of what is technically feasible.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-17 Vincent E. Elfving , Marta Millaruelo , José A. Gámez , Christian Gogolin

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are a leading approach for near-term quantum computing but face major optimization challenges from noise, barren plateaus, and complex energy landscapes. We benchmarked more than fifty metaheuristic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Vojtěch Novák , Ivan Zelinka , Václav Snášel

Generating diverse populations of high quality solutions has gained interest as a promising extension to the traditional optimization tasks. This work contributes to this line of research with an investigation on evolutionary diversity…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Anh Viet Do , Mingyu Guo , Aneta Neumann , Frank Neumann

Vehicle routing problem (VRP) is an NP-hard optimization problem that has been an interest of research for decades in science and industry. The objective is to plan routes of vehicles to deliver a fixed number of customers with optimal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-14 Nishikanta Mohanty , Bikash K. Behera

Integer factorization has been one of the cornerstone applications of the field of quantum computing since the discovery of an efficient algorithm for factoring by Peter Shor. Unfortunately, factoring via Shor's algorithm is well beyond the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-28 Eric R. Anschuetz , Jonathan P. Olson , Alán Aspuru-Guzik , Yudong Cao