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Related papers: Improved lanthanide constraints for the kilonova A…

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We investigate $r$-process nucleosynthesis and kilonova emission resulting from binary neutron star (BNS) mergers based on a three-dimensional (3D) general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulation of a hypermassive neutron star…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-11-16 Sanjana Curtis , Philipp Mösta , Zhenyu Wu , David Radice , Luke Roberts , Giacomo Ricigliano , Albino Perego

Freshly-synthesized r-process elements in kilonovae ejecta imprint absorption features on optical spectra, as observed in the GW170817 binary neutron star merger. These spectral features encode insights into the physical conditions of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-02-22 Nicholas Vieira , John J. Ruan , Daryl Haggard , Nicole Ford , Maria R. Drout , Rodrigo Fernández , N. R. Badnell

Radioactive energies from unstable nuclei made in the ejecta of neutron star mergers play principal roles in powering kilonovae. In previous studies power-law-type heating rates (e.g., ~ t^-1.3) have frequently been used, which may be…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-11-28 Shinya Wanajo

On the 17th of August, 2017 came the simultaneous detections of GW170817, a gravitational wave that originated from the coalescence of two neutron stars, along with the gamma-ray burst GRB170817A, and the kilonova counterpart AT2017gfo.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-04-14 Mouza Almualla , Yuhong Ning , Pouyan Salehi , Mattia Bulla , Tim Dietrich , Michael W. Coughlin , Nidhal Guessoum

We use an array of transition-edge sensors, cryogenic microcalorimeters with 4 eV energy resolution, to measure L x-ray emission-line profiles of four elements of the lanthanide series: praseodymium, neodymium, terbium, and holmium. The…

The neutron star merger is a promising site of heavy element production. By producing heavy elements, the neutron star merger gives rise to a thermal transient called a kilonova. Studying kilonova spectra enables us to quantify the heavy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-03-03 Laima Kitovienė , Gediminas Gaigalas , Pavel Rynkun , Nanae Domoto , Masaomi Tanaka , Daiji Kato

Kilonovae, possible electromagnetic counterparts to neutron star mergers, provide important information about high-energy transient phenomena and, in principle, also allow us to obtain information about the source properties responsible for…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-03-28 Sahil Jhawar , Thibeau Wouters , Peter T. H. Pang , Mattia Bulla , Michael W. Coughlin , Tim Dietrich

Coalescence of neutron stars gives rise to kilonova, thermal emission powered by radioactive decays of freshly synthesized r-process nuclei. Although observational properties are largely affected by bound-bound opacities of r-process…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-06-10 Masaomi Tanaka , Daiji Kato , Gediminas Gaigalas , Kyohei Kawaguchi

The AT2017gfo kilonova transient remains a unique multi-messenger event thanks to its proximity (z=0.00987) and the possibility to investigate time-resolved spectra, providing evidence of r-process nucleosynthesis. The kilonova signal was…

The conditions for the leading r-process site candidate, neutrino-driven winds, can not be reproduced self-consistently in current supernova models. For that reason, we investigate an alternate model involving the mass ejected by fallback…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Chris L. Fryer , Falk Herwig , Aimee Hungerford , Frank Timmes

The detailed observations of GW170817 proved for the first time directly that neutron star mergers are a major production site of heavy elements. The observations could be fit by a number of simulations that qualitatively agree, but can…

Lanthanide element signatures are key to understanding many astrophysical observables, from merger kilonova light curves to stellar and solar abundances. To learn about the lanthanide element synthesis that enriched our solar system, we…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-02-12 Nicole Vassh , Gail C. McLaughlin , Matthew R. Mumpower , Rebecca Surman

Aims: AT 2018hso is a new transient showing transitional properties between those of LRNe and the class of intermediate luminosity red transients (ILRTs) similar to SN 2008S. Through the detailed analysis of the observed parameters, our…

As LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA enters its fourth observing run, a new opportunity to search for electromagnetic counterparts of compact object mergers will also begin. The light curves and spectra from the first "kilonova" associated with a binary…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-07-05 Erika M. Holmbeck , Jennifer Barnes , Kelsey A. Lund , Trevor M. Sprouse , G. C. McLaughlin , Matthew R. Mumpower

We introduce a new technique for determining x-ray fluorescence line energies and widths, and we present measurements made with this technique of 22 x-ray L lines from lanthanide-series elements. The technique uses arrays of transition-edge…

Ejected material from neutron star mergers give rise to electromagnetic emission powered by radioactive decays of r-process nuclei, which is so called kilonova or macronova. While properties of the emission are largely affected by opacities…

A large number of R-matrix calculations of electron impact excitation for heavy elements (Z > 70) have been performed in recent years for applications in fusion and astrophysics research. With the expanding interest in heavy ions due to…

Revealing the temporal evolution of individual heavy elements synthesized in the merger ejecta from binary neutron star mergers not only improves our understanding of the origin of heavy elements beyond iron but also clarifies the energy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-11-15 Meng-Hua Chen , En-Wei Liang

The observed spectra and light curves of the kilonova produced by the GW170817 binary neutron star merger provide complementary insights, but modeling both the spectral- and time-domain has proven challenging. Here, we model the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-14 Nicholas Vieira , John J. Ruan , Daryl Haggard , Maria R. Drout , Rodrigo Fernández

We extend previous ab initio calculations of lanthanide opacities (Fontes et al., 2020, MNRAS, 493, 4143) to include a complete set of actinide opacities for use in the modeling of kilonova light curves and spectra. Detailed, fine-structure…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-10-12 C. J. Fontes , C. L. Fryer , R. T. Wollaeger , M. R. Mumpower , T. M. Sprouse