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Quantization can drastically increase the efficiency of large language and vision models, but typically incurs an accuracy drop. Recently, function-preserving transforms (e.g. rotations, Hadamard transform, channel-wise scaling) have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Marco Federici , Boris van Breugel , Paul Whatmough , Markus Nagel

Quantization can improve the execution latency and energy efficiency of neural networks on both commodity GPUs and specialized accelerators. The majority of existing literature focuses on training quantized DNNs, while this work examines…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-24 Ritchie Zhao , Yuwei Hu , Jordan Dotzel , Christopher De Sa , Zhiru Zhang

Various post-training uniform quantization methods have usually been studied based on convex optimization. As a result, most previous ones rely on the quantization error minimization and/or quadratic approximations. Such approaches are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Byeongwook Kim , Dongsoo Lee , Yeonju Ro , Yongkweon Jeon , Se Jung Kwon , Baeseong Park , Daehwan Oh

With the rapid increase in model size and the growing importance of various fine-tuning applications, lightweight training has become crucial. Since the backward pass is twice as expensive as the forward pass, optimizing backpropagation is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Seonggon Kim , Eunhyeok Park

Weight quantization effectively reduces memory consumption and enable the deployment of Large Language Models on edge devices, yet existing hardware-friendly methods often rely on uniform quantization, which suffers from poor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xin Nie , Liang Dong , Haicheng Zhang , Jiawang Xiao , G. Sun

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models unify perception, reasoning, and control within a single policy, yet their multi-billion-parameter backbones and diffusion-based action heads make on-device deployment prohibitively expensive. Prior…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Xinyu Wang , Mingze Li , Sicheng Lyu , Dongxiu Liu , Kaicheng Yang , Ziyu Zhao , Yufei Cui , Xiao-Wen Chang , Peng Lu

Diffusion models represent the cutting edge in image generation, but their high memory and computational demands hinder deployment on resource-constrained devices. Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) offers a promising solution by reducing the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Marco Federici , Riccardo Del Chiaro , Boris van Breugel , Paul Whatmough , Markus Nagel

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance across various language tasks but pose challenges for practical deployment due to their substantial memory requirements. Furthermore, the latest generative models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Young Jin Kim , Rawn Henry , Raffy Fahim , Hany Hassan Awadalla

Training LLMs at ultra-low precision remains a formidable challenge. Direct low-bit QAT often suffers from convergence instability and substantial training costs, exacerbated by quantization noise from heavy-tailed outlier channels and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Binxing Xu , Hao Gu , Lujun Li , Hao Wang , Bei Liu , Jiacheng Liu , Qiyuan Zhu , Xintong Yang , Chao Li , Sirui Han , Yike Guo

Model quantization and compression is widely used techniques to reduce usage of computing resource at inference time. While state-of-the-art works have been achieved reasonable accuracy with higher bit such as 4bit or 8bit, but still it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Arnav Kundu , Chungkuk Yoo , Srijan Mishra , Minsik Cho , Saurabh Adya

Tensor-on-tensor (TOT) regression is an important tool for the analysis of tensor data, aiming to predict a set of response tensors from a corresponding set of predictor tensors. However, standard TOT regression is sensitive to outliers,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-30 Mehdi Hirari , Fabio Centofanti , Mia Hubert , Stefan Van Aelst

Quantization is a key method for deploying deep neural networks on edge devices with limited memory and computation resources. Recent improvements in Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) methods were achieved by an additional local optimization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Ofir Gordon , Elad Cohen , Hai Victor Habi , Arnon Netzer

The growing computational demands of training large language models (LLMs) necessitate more efficient methods. Quantized training presents a promising solution by enabling low-bit arithmetic operations to reduce these costs. While FP8…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Ruizhe Wang , Yeyun Gong , Xiao Liu , Guoshuai Zhao , Ziyue Yang , Baining Guo , Zhengjun Zha , Peng Cheng

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have achieved great success with the growing model size. LLMs' size grows by $240\times$ every two years, which outpaces the hardware progress and makes model inference increasingly costly.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Cong Guo , Jiaming Tang , Weiming Hu , Jingwen Leng , Chen Zhang , Fan Yang , Yunxin Liu , Minyi Guo , Yuhao Zhu

The demand for inference on extremely large scale LLMs has seen enormous growth in the recent months. It made evident the colossal shortage of dedicated hardware capable of efficient and fast processing of the involved compute and memory…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Nikita Trukhanov , Ilya Soloveychik

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities across diverse tasks, but their large memory and compute demands hinder deployment. Ternarization has gained attention as a promising compression technique, delivering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Xianglong Yan , Chengzhu Bao , Zhiteng Li , Tianao Zhang , Kaicheng Yang , Haotong Qin , Ruobing Xie , Xingwu Sun , Yulun Zhang

Supervised learning models are challenged by the intrinsic complexities of training data such as outliers and minority subpopulations and intentional attacks at inference time with adversarial samples. While traditional robust learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Shu Hu , Zhenhuan Yang , Xin Wang , Yiming Ying , Siwei Lyu

Parameter estimation of mixture regression model using the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is highly sensitive to outliers. Here we propose a fast and efficient robust mixture regression algorithm, called Component-wise Adaptive…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-20 Wennan Chang , Xinyu Zhou , Yong Zang , Chi Zhang , Sha Cao

Deploying Deep Neural Networks in low-power embedded devices for real time-constrained applications requires optimization of memory and computational complexity of the networks, usually by quantizing the weights. Most of the existing works…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Dominika Przewlocka-Rus , Syed Shakib Sarwar , H. Ekin Sumbul , Yuecheng Li , Barbara De Salvo

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, albeit at the cost of immense memory and computation requirements. Post-training quantization (PTQ) is becoming the de facto method to reduce the memory footprint…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Yuhang Li , Priyadarshini Panda