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Magnetic textures are central to emerging spintronic and unconventional computing technologies due to their rich dynamics, topological properties and nanoscale dimensions. A major challenge remains achieving tunable, reversible, and…
The surface states of three-dimensional topological insulators exhibit a helical spin texture with spin locked to momentum. To date, however, the direct all-electrical detection of the helical spin texture has remained elusive owing to the…
The metallic surface states of a topological insulator support helical Dirac fermions protected by topology with their spin locked perpendicular to their momentum. They can acquire mass through magnetic doping or through hybridization of…
Crystal symmetries in solids give rise to spin-momentum locking, which determines how an electron's spin orientation depends on its momentum. This relationship, often referred to as spin texture, influences both charge-to-spin conversion…
We construct optical beams in free space with robust skyrmionic structures in their polarization fields, both in the electric spin vector for near-circular fields and in the polarization direction for near-linear fields, and for both Bloch…
A new class of phenomena stemming from topological states of quantum matter has recently found a variety of analogies in classical systems. Spin-locking and one-way propagation have been shown to drastically alter our view on scattering of…
Light carries spin and orbital angular momentum. These dynamical properties are determined by the polarization and spatial degrees of freedom of light. Modern nano-optics, photonics, and plasmonics, tend to explore subwavelength scales and…
Topological insulators possess completely different spin-orbit coupled bulk and surface electronic spectra that are each predicted to exhibit exotic responses to light. Here we report time-resolved fundamental and second harmonic optical…
Guided waves and surface waves can be taken as two typical examples of structured optical fields with the transverse spin. Analytical derivations are developed to demonstrate that (i) guided waves also carry the transverse spin that depends…
Skyrmions with topologically stable configurations have shown a promising route toward magnetic and photonic materials for information processing due to their defect-immune and low-driven energy. However, the practical application of…
Polarization singularities and topological polarization structures are generic features of inhomogeneous vector wave fields of any nature. However, their experimental studies mostly remain restricted to optical waves. Here we report…
We show that with the help of spin-orbit coupling, nonlinear light-matter interactions can efficiently couple with spin and valley degrees of freedom. This revealed spin photogalvanic effect can generate the long-time pursued intrinsic pure…
We construct analytic (3+1)-dimensional inhomogeneous and topologically non-trivial pion systems using chiral perturbation theory. We discuss the effect of isospin asymmetry with vanishing electromagnetic interactions as well as some…
The topology of a topological material can be encoded in its surface states. These surface states can only be removed by a bulk topological quantum phase transition into a trivial phase. Here we use photoemission spectroscopy to image the…
Optically interfaced spins in the solid promise scalable quantum networks. Robust and reliable optical properties have so far been restricted to systems with inversion symmetry. Here, we release this stringent constraint by demonstrating…
Implicit neural representation (INR) has proven to be accurate and efficient in various domains. In this work, we explore how different neural networks can be designed as a new texture INR, which operates in a continuous manner rather than…
Topological spin textures, like skyrmions, have significant potential for spintronics applications. The main purpose of this work is to study further the topological spin textures on the discrete lattice with magnetic fields. In this work,…
Topological materials host robust surface states, which could form the basis for future electronic devices. As such states have spins that are locked to the momentum, they are of particular interest for spintronic applications.…
Magnetic vortices and skyrmions represent two fundamental classes of topological spin textures in ferromagnetic systems, distinguished by their unique stabilization mechanisms and degrees of freedom. Vortices, characterized by circular…
Nonlinear optical (NLO) responses of topological materials are under active research in recent years. Yet by far, most studies focused on the bulk properties, whereas the surface effects and the difference between surface and bulk responses…