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We present LongLoRA, an efficient fine-tuning approach that extends the context sizes of pre-trained large language models (LLMs), with limited computation cost. Typically, training LLMs with long context sizes is computationally expensive,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Yukang Chen , Shengju Qian , Haotian Tang , Xin Lai , Zhijian Liu , Song Han , Jiaya Jia

The per-token cost of transformer inference scales with context length, preventing its application to lifelong in-context learning. Linear attention is an efficient alternative that maintains a constant memory footprint, even on infinite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Luke McDermott , Robert W. Heath , Rahul Parhi

With the rapid development of large language models (LLMs), handling long context has become one of the vital abilities in LLMs. Such long-context ability is accompanied by difficulties in deployment, especially due to the increased…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Zhuorui Liu , Chen Zhang , Dawei Song

Large language models (LLMs) face significant challenges in processing long contexts due to the linear growth of the key-value (KV) cache and quadratic complexity of self-attention. Existing approaches address these bottlenecks separately:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Zeng You , Yaofo Chen , Qiuwu Chen , Ying Sun , Shuhai Zhang , Yingjian Li , Yaowei Wang , Mingkui Tan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of natural language processing tasks. These capabilities stem primarily from the self-attention mechanism, which enables modeling of long-range…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Zeng You , Yaofo Chen , Shuhai Zhang , Zhijie Qiu , Tingyu Wu , Yingjian Li , Yaowei Wang , Mingkui Tan

Modern large language models increasingly require long contexts for reasoning and multi-document tasks, but attention's quadratic complexity creates a severe computational bottleneck. We present Block-Sparse FlashAttention (BSFA), a drop-in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Daniel Ohayon , Itay Lamprecht , Itay Hubara , Israel Cohen , Daniel Soudry , Noam Elata

We present LongCat-Flash-Thinking, an efficient 560-billion-parameter open-source Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) reasoning model. Its advanced capabilities are cultivated through a meticulously crafted training process, beginning with long…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Meituan LongCat Team , Anchun Gui , Bei Li , Bingyang Tao , Bole Zhou , Borun Chen , Chao Zhang , Chao Zhang , Chengcheng Han , Chenhui Yang , Chi Zhang , Chong Peng , Chuyu Zhang , Cong Chen , Fengcun Li , Gang Xu , Guoyuan Lin , Hao Jiang , Hao Liang , Haomin Fu , Haoxiang Ma , Hong Liu , Hongyan Hao , Hongyin Tang , Hongyu Zang , Hongzhi Ni , Hui Su , Jiahao Liu , Jiahuan Li , Jialin Liu , Jianfei Zhang , Jianhao Xu , Jianing Wang , Jiaqi Sun , Jiaqi Zhang , Jiarong Shi , Jiawei Yang , Jingang Wang , Jinrui Ding , Jun Kuang , Jun Xu , Ke He , Kefeng Zhang , Keheng Wang , Keqing He , Li Wei , Liang Shi , Lin Qiu , Lingbin Kong , Lingchuan Liu , Linsen Guo , Longfei An , Mai Xia , Meng Zhou , Mengshen Zhu , Peng Pei , Pengcheng Jia , Qi Gu , Qi Guo , Qiong Huang , Quan Chen , Quanchi Weng , Rongxiang Weng , Ruichen Shao , Rumei Li , Shanglin Lei , Shuai Du , Shuaikang Liu , Shuang Zhou , Shuhao Hu , Siyu Xu , Songshan Gong , Tao Liang , Tianhao Hu , Wei He , Wei Shi , Wei Wang , Wei Wu , Wei Zhuo , Weifeng Tang , Wenjie Shi , Wenlong Zhu , Xi Su , Xiangcheng Liu , Xiangyu Xi , Xiangzhou Huang , Xiao Liu , Xiaochen Jiang , Xiaowei Shi , Xiaowen Shi , Xiaoyu Li , Xin Chen , Xinyue Zhao , Xuan Huang , Xuemiao Zhang , Xuezhi Cao , Xunliang Cai , Yajie Zhang , Yang Chen , Yang Liu , Yang Liu , Yang Zheng , Yaoming Wang , Yaqi Huo , Yerui Sun , Yifan Lu , Yiyang Li , Youshao Xiao , Yuanzhe Lei , Yuchen Xie , Yueqing Sun , Yufei Zhang , Yuhuai Wei , Yulei Qian , Yunke Zhao , Yuqing Ding , Yuwei Jiang , Zhaohua Yang , Zhengyu Chen , Zhijian Liu , Zhikang Xia , Zhongda Su , Ziran Li , Ziwen Wang , Ziyuan Zhuang , Zongyu Wang , Zunyuan Yang

Emerging Large Language Model (LLM) applications require long input context in order to perform complex tasks like document analysis and code generation. For these long context length applications, the length of the input prompt poses a…

The quadratic complexity of attention remains the central bottleneck in long-context inference for large language models. Prior acceleration methods either sparsify the attention map with structured patterns or permanently evict tokens at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Dongwon Jo , Beomseok Kang , Jiwon Song , Jae-Joon Kim

Although transformer architectures have achieved state-of-the-art performance across diverse domains, their quadratic computational complexity with respect to sequence length remains a significant bottleneck, particularly for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Zeyu Liu , Souvik Kundu , Lianghao Jiang , Anni Li , Srikanth Ronanki , Sravan Bodapati , Gourav Datta , Peter A. Beerel

The evolution of large language models (LLMs) towards applications with ultra-long contexts faces challenges posed by the high computational and memory costs of the Transformer architecture. While existing sparse and linear attention…

Long contexts improve capabilities of large language models but pose serious hardware challenges: compute and memory footprints grow linearly with sequence length. Particularly, the decoding phase continuously accesses massive KV cache,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Wang Fan , Wei Cao , Xi Zha , Kedi Ma , MingQian Sun , Jialin Chen , Fengzhe Zhang , Fan Zhang

Understanding and reasoning over long contexts is a crucial capability for language models (LMs). Although recent models support increasingly long context windows, their accuracy often deteriorates as input length grows. In practice, models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Xi Ye , Wuwei Zhang , Fangcong Yin , Howard Yen , Danqi Chen

We introduce LongCat-Flash-Thinking-2601, a 560-billion-parameter open-source Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) reasoning model with superior agentic reasoning capability. LongCat-Flash-Thinking-2601 achieves state-of-the-art performance among…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Meituan LongCat Team , Anchun Gui , Bei Li , Bingyang Tao , Bole Zhou , Borun Chen , Chao Zhang , Chao Zhang , Chen Gao , Chen Zhang , Chengcheng Han , Chenhui Yang , Chuyu Zhang , Cong Chen , Cunguang Wang , Daoru Pan , Defei Bu , Dengchang Zhao , Di Xiu , Dishan Liu , Dongyu Ru , Dunwei Tu , Fan Wu , Fengcheng Yuan , Fengcun Li , Gang Xu , Guanyu Wu , Guoyuan Lin , Haibin Wang , Hansi Yang , Hao Yang , Haonan Yan , Haoxiang Ma , Haoxing Wen , Hongyan Hao , Hongyin Tang , Hongyu Zang , Hongzhi Ni , Hui Su , Jiacheng Zhang , Jiahong Zhou , Jiahuan Li , Jiaming Wang , Jian Yang , Jianfei Zhang , Jianhao Xu , Jianing Wang , Jiapeng Zhu , Jiaqi Sun , Jiarong Shi , Jiarui Zhao , Jingang Wang , Jinluan Yang , Jinrui Ding , Jinwei Xiao , Jiyuan He , Juncan Xu , Kefeng Zhang , Keheng Wang , Li Wei , Lianhui Ma , Lin Qiu , Lingbing Kong , Lingchuan Liu , Linsen Guo , Mengshen Zhu , Mengxia Shen , Mingyang Zhu , Peiguang Li , Peng Pei , Peng Zhao , Pengcheng Jia , Pengtao Zhang , Ping Liu , Qi Gu , Qiong Huang , Qiyuan Duan , Quanchi Weng , Rongxiang Weng , Rongzhi Zhang , Rumei Li , Shanglin Lei , Shengnan An , Shijun Dai , Shizhe Wu , Shuaikang Liu , Shuang Zhou , Shuo Wang , Songyuan Zhao , Tao Liang , Tianhao Hu , Tianze Chen , Wei Liu , Wei Shi , Wei Wang , Weifeng Tang , Wenjie Shi , Wenlong Zhu , Wentao Chen , Wentao Shi , Xi Su , Xiandi Ma , Xiangcheng Liu , Xiangyu Xi , Xiangyuan Liu , Xiangzhou Huang , Xiao Liu , Xiaodong Cai , Xiaolong Chen , Xiaowei Shi , Xiaoyu Li , Xin Chen , Xingchen Liu , Xuan Huang , Xuezhi Cao , Xunliang Cai , Yan Chen , Yang Bai , Yang Liu , Yang Yang , Yang Zheng , Yanyu Chen , Yaoming Wang , Yaoming Zhu , Yaorui Shi , Yaqi Huo , Yerui Sun , Yi Zhang , Yi-Kai Zhang , Yifan Lu , Yifan Zhao , Yihao Chen , Yitao Zhai , Yongjing Yin , Yongwei Zhou , Youshao Xiao , Yu Wang , Yu Yang , Yuchen Xie , Yuchen Yu , Yuchuan Dai , Yue Xu , Yueqing Sun , Yufei Zhang , Yuhuai Wei , Yulei Qian , Yunfan Liang , Yunke Zhao , Yuwei Jiang , Yuxin Bian , Yuxin Chen , Yuxin Liu , Zeyang Yu , Zhao Yang , Zhengsheng Huang , Zhengyu Chen , Zhijian Liu , Zhikang Xia , Zhimin Lin , Zhiyuan Yao , Zhuofan Chen , Zhuowen Han , Zijian Zhang , Ziran Li , Ziwen Wang , Ziyuan Zhuang

Sparse attention as a efficient method can significantly decrease the computation cost, but current sparse attention tend to rely on window self attention which block the global information flow. For this problem, we present Shifted Cross…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Yuxiang Guo

Despite the success of Transformers, handling long contexts remains challenging due to the limited length generalization and quadratic complexity of self-attention. Thus Transformers often require post-training with a larger attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Xiang Hu , Zhihao Teng , Jun Zhao , Wei Wu , Kewei Tu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in natural language processing and generation, yet their ability to handle long-context input remains constrained by the quadratic complexity of attention computation and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Manlai Liang , Wanyi Huang , Mandi Liu , Huaijun Li , Jinlong Li

Extending the functionality of the Transformer model to accommodate longer sequence lengths has become a critical challenge. This extension is crucial not only for improving tasks such as language translation and long-context processing but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Hengyu Zhang

In long-context large language model (LLM) inference, the prefill stage dominates computation due to self-attention over the complete input context. Sparse attention significantly reduces self-attention computation by limiting each token's…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Rakshith Jayanth , Viktor Prasanna

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) enable globally coherent, bidirectional, and controllable text generation, offering advantages over traditional autoregressive LLMs, while scaling to ultra-long sequences remains costly. Many existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Wenhu Zhang , Yiming Wu , Huanyu Wang , Yaoyang Liu , Huanzhang Dou , Senqiao Yang , Sitong Wu , Hanbin Zhao , Jiaya Jia
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