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This is an introduction to a provisional mathematical definition of Coulomb branches of $3$-dimensional $\mathcal N=4$ supersymmetric gauge theories, studied in arXiv:1503.03676, arXiv:1601.03586

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2016-12-30 Hiraku Nakajima

The study of Coulomb branches of 3-dimensional N=4 gauge theories via the associated Hilbert series, the so-called monopole formula, has been proven useful not only for 3-dimensional theories, but also for Higgs branches of 5 and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-08-28 Amihay Hanany , Marcus Sperling

We introduce several families of $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ UV boundary conditions in 3d $\mathcal N=4$ gauge theories and study their IR images in sigma-models to the Higgs and Coulomb branches. In the presence of Omega deformations, a UV…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-11-23 Mathew Bullimore , Tudor Dimofte , Davide Gaiotto , Justin Hilburn

According to the proposal of Hanany and Witten, Coulomb branches of N=4 SU(n) gauge theories in three dimensions are isometric to moduli spaces of BPS monopoles. We generalize this proposal to gauge theories with matter, which allows us to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 Sergey A. Cherkis , Anton Kapustin

We study the Coulomb branches of three-dimensional $\mathcal N=4$ quiver gauge theories of type $T_\rho(SU(N))$ associated with non-maximal nilpotent orbits of $SL(N)$. Using the Hall--Littlewood closed form for Coulomb-branch Hilbert…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-28 Ayush Kumar

This is an introduction to a provisional mathematical definition of Coulomb branches of $3$-dimensional $\mathcal N=4$ supersymmetric gauge theories, studied in arXiv:1503.03676, arXiv:1601.03586. This is an expanded version of an article…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Hiraku Nakajima

Three-dimensional Coulomb branches have a prominent role in the study of moduli spaces of supersymmetric gauge theories with $8$ supercharges in $3,4,5$, and $6$ dimensions. Inspired by simply laced $3$d $\mathcal{N}=4$ supersymmetric…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-10-28 Amihay Hanany , Anton Zajac

We study the hemisphere partition function of a three-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=4$ supersymmetric $U(N)$ gauge theory with one adjoint and one fundamental hypermultiplet -- the ADHM quiver theory. In particular, we propose a distinguished…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-04-07 Samuel Crew , Nick Dorey , Daniel Zhang

We investigate self-dualities in three-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric gauge theories. The electric and magnetic theories share the same gauge group. The examples include $SU(2N)$, $SO(7)$ and $SO(8)$ with various matter…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-05-01 Keita Nii

We study the $S^3$ partition function of three-dimensional supersymmetric $\mathcal{N}=4$ U($N$) SQCD with massive matter multiplets in the infinite mass limit with the so-called Coulomb branch localization. We show that in the infinite…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-01-15 Kazuma Shimizu

We calculate the classical cross-section for absorption of a minimally coupled scalar in the double-centered D3-brane geometry. The dual field theory has gauge symmetry broken to S(U(N_1)*U(N_2)) and is on the Coulomb branch of N=4 Super…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-02-03 Miguel S. Costa

This paper introduces two operations in quiver gauge theories. The first operation takes a quiver with a permutation symmetry $S_n$ and gives a quiver with adjoint loops. The corresponding 3d $\mathcal{N}=4$ Coulomb branches are related by…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-09-27 Amihay Hanany , Guhesh Kumaran , Chunhao Li , Deshuo Liu , Marcus Sperling

We find the perturbative potential on the 3d $\mathcal{N}\!=\!2$ Coulomb branch arising from a chiral 4d $\mathcal{N}\!=\!1$ gauge theory on $\mathbb{R}^3 \times S^1$, zeta-regularizing the D-term couplings generated by the Kaluza-Klein…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-01 Arash Arabi Ardehali , Daniel J. Resnick

We consider mixed branches of 3d $\mathcal{N}=4$ $T[SU(N)]$ theory. We compute the Hilbert series of the Coulomb branch part of the mixed branch from a restriction rule acting on the Hilbert series of the full Coulomb branch that will…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-03-08 Federico Carta , Hirotaka Hayashi

Using standard field theory techniques we compute perturbative and instanton contributions to the Coulomb branch of three-dimensional supersymmetric QCD with N=2 and N=4 supersymmetry and gauge group SU(2). For the N=4 theory with one…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-02-03 N. Dorey , D. Tong , S. Vandoren

Symmetries of Seiberg-Witten (SW) geometries capture intricate physical aspects of the underlying 4d $\mathcal{N} = 2$ field theories. For rank-one theories, these geometries are rational elliptic surfaces whose automorphism group is a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-09-04 Elias Furrer , Horia Magureanu

I give a simple construction of certain Coulomb branches $C_{3,4}(G;E)$ of gauge theory in 3 and 4 dimensions defined by Nakajima et al. for a compact Lie group $G$ and a polarisable quaternionic representation $E$. The manifolds $C(G; 0)$…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-11-07 Constantin Teleman

We provide a proof for the conjectured equality of the generating function of integrated Higgs and Coulomb branch topological operators in 3d $\mathcal{N}\ge 4$ gauge theories and the three sphere partition function deformed by mass or FI…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-05-18 Luigi Guerrini , Silvia Penati , Itamar Yaakov

This is a supplement to [arXiv:1503.03676], where an approach towards a mathematically rigorous definition of the Coulomb branch of a $3$-dimensional $\mathcal N=4$ SUSY gauge theory was proposed. We ask questions on their expected…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Hiraku Nakajima

We study correlators of R-symmetry currents in the Coulomb branch of N = 4 supersymmetric gauge theory in the large-N limit, using the AdS/CFT correspondence. In particular, we consider gauge fields in the presence of gravity and scalar…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 Andreas Brandhuber , Konstadinos Sfetsos