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Audio-Language models jointly learn multimodal text and audio representations that enable Zero-Shot inference. Models rely on the encoders to create powerful representations of the input and generalize to multiple tasks ranging from sounds,…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Benjamin Elizalde , Soham Deshmukh , Huaming Wang

We propose a universal adversarial attack on multimodal Large Language Models (LLMs) that leverages a single optimized image to override alignment safeguards across diverse queries and even multiple models. By backpropagating through the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Temurbek Rahmatullaev , Polina Druzhinina , Nikita Kurdiukov , Matvey Mikhalchuk , Andrey Kuznetsov , Anton Razzhigaev

Adversarial examples are inputs intentionally perturbed with the aim of forcing a machine learning model to produce a wrong prediction, while the changes are not easily detectable by a human. Although this topic has been intensively studied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Jon Vadillo , Roberto Santana

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, yet their robustness against malicious audio injection attacks remains underexplored. This study systematically evaluates five leading LALMs across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Guanyu Hou , Jiaming He , Yinhang Zhou , Ji Guo , Yitong Qiao , Rui Zhang , Wenbo Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are swiftly advancing in architecture and capability, and as they integrate more deeply into complex systems, the urgency to scrutinize their security properties grows. This paper surveys research in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Erfan Shayegani , Md Abdullah Al Mamun , Yu Fu , Pedram Zaree , Yue Dong , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh

Adversarial attacks have always been a serious threat for any data-driven model. In this paper, we explore subspaces of adversarial examples in unitary vector domain, and we propose a novel detector for defending our models trained for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Mohammad Esmaeilpour , Patrick Cardinal , Alessandro Lameiras Koerich

Speaker recognition is a popular topic in biometric authentication and many deep learning approaches have achieved extraordinary performances. However, it has been shown in both image and speech applications that deep neural networks are…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-05-25 Qing Wang , Pengcheng Guo , Lei Xie

We demonstrate the existence of universal adversarial perturbations, which can fool a family of audio classification architectures, for both targeted and untargeted attack scenarios. We propose two methods for finding such perturbations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Sajjad Abdoli , Luiz G. Hafemann , Jerome Rony , Ismail Ben Ayed , Patrick Cardinal , Alessandro L. Koerich

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) integrate visual information into large language models, showcasing remarkable multi-modal conversational capabilities. However, the visual modules introduces new challenges in terms of robustness for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Yubo Wang , Chaohu Liu , Yanqiu Qu , Haoyu Cao , Deqiang Jiang , Linli Xu

Recently, the newly emerged multimodal models, which leverage both visual and linguistic modalities to train powerful encoders, have gained increasing attention. However, learning from a large-scale unlabeled dataset also exposes the model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Ziqing Yang , Xinlei He , Zheng Li , Michael Backes , Mathias Humbert , Pascal Berrang , Yang Zhang

Deep learning models, while achieving state-of-the-art performance on many tasks, are susceptible to adversarial attacks that exploit inherent vulnerabilities in their architectures. Adversarial attacks manipulate the input data with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Shreyasi Mandal

Large audio-language models increasingly operate on raw speech inputs, enabling more seamless integration across domains such as voice assistants, education, and clinical triage. This transition, however, introduces a distinct class of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Ye Yu , Haibo Jin , Yaoning Yu , Jun Zhuang , Haohan Wang

The paper applies reinforcement learning to novel Internet of Thing configurations. Our analysis of inaudible attacks on voice-activated devices confirms the alarming risk factor of 7.6 out of 10, underlining significant security…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Forrest McKee , David Noever

The Large Language models (LLMs) have demonstrated supreme capabilities in text understanding and generation, but cannot be directly applied to cross-modal tasks without fine-tuning. This paper proposes a cross-modal in-context learning…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Dongchao Yang , Haohan Guo , Yuanyuan Wang , Rongjie Huang , Xiang Li , Xu Tan , Xixin Wu , Helen Meng

Adversarial audio attacks pose a significant threat to the growing use of large audio-language models (LALMs) in voice-based human-machine interactions. While existing research focused on model-specific adversarial methods, real-world…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Wanqi Yang , Yanda Li , Meng Fang , Yunchao Wei , Ling Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in processing and generating human language, powered by their ability to interpret and follow instructions. However, their capabilities can be exploited through prompt injection attacks. These attacks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Xiaogeng Liu , Zhiyuan Yu , Yizhe Zhang , Ning Zhang , Chaowei Xiao

An adversarial attack is an exploitative process in which minute alterations are made to natural inputs, causing the inputs to be misclassified by neural models. In the field of speech recognition, this has become an issue of increasing…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-09-13 Krishan Rajaratnam , Kunal Shah , Jugal Kalita

Because state-of-the-art language models are expensive to train, most practitioners must make use of one of the few publicly available language models or language model APIs. This consolidation of trust increases the potency of backdoor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Nikhil Kandpal , Matthew Jagielski , Florian Tramèr , Nicholas Carlini

In-context learning, a paradigm bridging the gap between pre-training and fine-tuning, has demonstrated high efficacy in several NLP tasks, especially in few-shot settings. Despite being widely applied, in-context learning is vulnerable to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Shuai Zhao , Meihuizi Jia , Luu Anh Tuan , Fengjun Pan , Jinming Wen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being enhanced with the ability to use tools and to process multiple modalities. These new capabilities bring new benefits and also new security risks. In this work, we show that an attacker can use visual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Xiaohan Fu , Zihan Wang , Shuheng Li , Rajesh K. Gupta , Niloofar Mireshghallah , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Earlence Fernandes