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Related papers: ML Compass: Navigating Capability, Cost, and Compl…

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As LLMs grow more powerful, their most profound achievement may be recognising when to say "I don't know". Existing studies on LLM self-knowledge have been largely constrained by human-defined notions of feasibility, often neglecting the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Sahil Kale , Vijaykant Nadadur

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in human-AI interaction research and practice, yet existing capability and safety benchmarks reveal little about the value priorities these systems express or how those priorities…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Gabriel Rongyang Lau , Wei Yan Low , Seow Min Koh , Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah , Andree Hartanto

Current large language models (LLMs) excel in verifiable domains where outputs can be checked before action but prove less reliable for high-stakes strategic decisions with uncertain outcomes. This gap, driven by mutually reinforcing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Alejandro R. Jadad

Deploying machine learning (ML) models often requires both fairness and privacy guarantees. Both of these objectives present unique trade-offs with the utility (e.g., accuracy) of the model. However, the mutual interactions between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Mohammad Yaghini , Patty Liu , Franziska Boenisch , Nicolas Papernot

Machine learning (ML) in medicine has transitioned from research to concrete applications aimed at supporting several medical purposes like therapy selection, monitoring and treatment. Acceptance and effective adoption by clinicians and…

Heterogeneous hardware and dynamic workloads worsen long-standing OS bottlenecks in scalability, adaptability, and manageability. At the same time, advances in machine learning (ML), large language models (LLMs), and agent-based methods…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Yifan Zhang , Xinkui Zhao , Ziying Li , Guanjie Cheng , Jianwei Yin , Lufei Zhang , Zuoning Chen

The ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to use external tools unlocks powerful real-world interactions, making rigorous evaluation essential. However, current benchmarks primarily report final accuracy, revealing what models can do but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Qihao Wang , Yue Hu , Mingzhe Lu , Jiayue Wu , Yanbing Liu , Yuanmin Tang

When building Deep Learning (DL) models, data scientists and software engineers manage the trade-off between their accuracy, or any other suitable success criteria, and their complexity. In an environment with high computational power, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Roger Creus Castanyer , Silverio Martínez-Fernández , Xavier Franch

Solving Constraint Optimization Problems (COPs) can be dramatically simplified by boundary estimation, that is, providing tight boundaries of cost functions. By feeding a supervised Machine Learning (ML) model with data composed of known…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Helge Spieker , Arnaud Gotlieb

The past year has witnessed the increasing popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs). Their unprecedented scale and associated high hardware cost have impeded their broader adoption, calling for efficient hardware designs. With the large…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Hengrui Zhang , August Ning , Rohan Prabhakar , David Wentzlaff

As large language models (LLMs) evolve from conversational assistants into autonomous agents, evaluating the safety of their actions becomes critical. Prior safety benchmarks have primarily focused on preventing generation of harmful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Adi Simhi , Jonathan Herzig , Martin Tutek , Itay Itzhak , Idan Szpektor , Yonatan Belinkov

The automated machine learning (AutoML) process can require searching through complex configuration spaces of not only machine learning (ML) components and their hyperparameters but also ways of composing them together, i.e. forming ML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-10 David Jacob Kedziora , Tien-Dung Nguyen , Katarzyna Musial , Bogdan Gabrys

To make machine learning (ML) sustainable and apt to run on the diverse devices where relevant data is, it is essential to compress ML models as needed, while still meeting the required learning quality and time performance. However, how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Francesco Malandrino , Giuseppe Di Giacomo , Armin Karamzade , Marco Levorato , Carla Fabiana Chiasserini

The rapid rise of Language Models (LMs) has expanded the capabilities of natural language processing, powering applications from text generation to complex decision-making. While state-of-the-art LMs often boast hundreds of billions of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Maximilian Abstreiter , Sasu Tarkoma , Roberto Morabito

The rapid proliferation of large language model (LLM)-based agentic systems raises critical concerns regarding digital sovereignty, environmental sustainability, regulatory compliance, and ethical alignment. Whilst existing frameworks…

In financial applications, regulations or best practices often lead to specific requirements in machine learning relating to four key pillars: fairness, privacy, interpretability and greenhouse gas emissions. These all sit in the broader…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Roberto Pagliari , Peter Hill , Po-Yu Chen , Maciej Dabrowny , Tingsheng Tan , Francois Buet-Golfouse

As LLMs become embedded in research workflows and organizational decision processes, their effect on analytical reliability remains uncertain. We distinguish two dimensions of analytical reliability -- intelligence (the capacity to reach…

General Economics · Economics 2026-02-26 Ryan Allen , Aticus Peterson

Modern AI systems increasingly rely on workflows composed of multiple interacting agents, some powered by large language models (LLMs) and others by conventional computational modules. This paper analyzes the fundamental tradeoffs between…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Ya-Ting Yang , Quanyan Zhu

The increasing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into health and biomedical systems necessitates robust frameworks for transparency, accountability, and ethical compliance. Existing frameworks often rely on human-readable, manual…

As Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve remarkable breakthroughs, aligning their values with humans has become imperative for their responsible development and customized applications. However, there still lack evaluations of LLMs values…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jing Yao , Xiaoyuan Yi , Shitong Duan , Jindong Wang , Yuzhuo Bai , Muhua Huang , Peng Zhang , Tun Lu , Zhicheng Dou , Maosong Sun , Xing Xie