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Reinforcement learning (RL), a common tool in decision making, learns control policies from various experiences based on the associated cumulative return/rewards without treating them differently. Humans, on the contrary, often learn to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Mingkang Wu , Devin White , Vernon Lawhern , Nicholas R. Waytowich , Yongcan Cao

Reinforcement learning (rl) is a popular paradigm for sequential decision making problems. The past decade's advances in rl have led to breakthroughs in many challenging domains such as video games, board games, robotics, and chip design.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Yanick Schraner

Reinforcement learning (RL) presents a promising framework to learn policies through environment interaction, but often requires an infeasible amount of interaction data to solve complex tasks from sparse rewards. One direction includes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Stone Tao , Arth Shukla , Tse-kai Chan , Hao Su

Model-free reinforcement learning (RL) requires a large number of trials to learn a good policy, especially in environments with sparse rewards. We explore a method to improve the sample efficiency when we have access to demonstrations. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Cinjon Resnick , Roberta Raileanu , Sanyam Kapoor , Alexander Peysakhovich , Kyunghyun Cho , Joan Bruna

One of the notorious issues for Reinforcement Learning (RL) is poor sample efficiency. Compared to single agent RL, the sample efficiency for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is more challenging because of its inherent partial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Linjie Xu , Zichuan Liu , Alexander Dockhorn , Diego Perez-Liebana , Jinyu Wang , Lei Song , Jiang Bian

Continual learning, one's ability to adapt to a sequence of tasks without forgetting previously acquired knowledge, remains a major challenge in machine learning and a key gap between artificial and human intelligence. While regularisation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Hugo Hazard , Zafeirios Fountas , Martin A. Benfeghoul , Adnan Oomerjee , Jun Wang , Haitham Bou-Ammar

Language models often struggle to follow multi-constraint instructions that are crucial for real-world applications. Existing reinforcement learning (RL) approaches suffer from dependency on external supervision and sparse reward signals…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Qingyu Ren , Qianyu He , Powei Chang , Jie Zeng , Zeye Sun , Fei Yu , Jiaqing Liang , Yanghua Xiao

Recent advancements in reinforcement learning (RL) for large language models (LLMs), exemplified by DeepSeek R1, have shown that even a simple question-answering task can substantially improve an LLM's reasoning capabilities. In this work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Stephen Chung , Wenyu Du , Jie Fu

Reinforcement learning (RL) enhanced large language models (LLMs), particularly exemplified by DeepSeek-R1, have exhibited outstanding performance. Despite the effectiveness in improving LLM capabilities, its implementation remains highly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Shuhe Wang , Shengyu Zhang , Jie Zhang , Runyi Hu , Xiaoya Li , Tianwei Zhang , Jiwei Li , Fei Wu , Guoyin Wang , Eduard Hovy

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have demonstrated promising results on complex tasks, yet often require impractical numbers of samples since they learn from scratch. Meta-RL aims to address this challenge by leveraging experience…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Russell Mendonca , Abhishek Gupta , Rosen Kralev , Pieter Abbeel , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn

Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) improves the efficiency of long-horizon reinforcement-learning tasks with sparse rewards by decomposing the task into a hierarchy of subgoals. The main challenge of HRL is efficient discovery of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Sadegh Khorasani , Saber Salehkaleybar , Negar Kiyavash , Matthias Grossglauser

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms often require long training to become useful, especially in complex environments with sparse rewards. While techniques like reward shaping and curriculum learning exist to accelerate training, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Lukas Toral , Teddy Lazebnik

We study a class of constrained reinforcement learning (RL) problems in which multiple constraint specifications are not identified before training. It is challenging to identify appropriate constraint specifications due to the undefined…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-02 Dongsheng Ding , Zhengyan Huan , Alejandro Ribeiro

Reinforcement learning has shown great potential in solving complex tasks when large amounts of data can be generated with little effort. In robotics, one approach to generate training data builds on simulations based on dynamics models…

In this work, we introduce PIPER: Primitive-Informed Preference-based Hierarchical reinforcement learning via Hindsight Relabeling, a novel approach that leverages preference-based learning to learn a reward model, and subsequently uses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Utsav Singh , Wesley A. Suttle , Brian M. Sadler , Vinay P. Namboodiri , Amrit Singh Bedi

Even though reinforcement-learning-based algorithms achieved superhuman performance in many domains, the field of robotics poses significant challenges as the state and action spaces are continuous, and the reward function is predominantly…

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (\textbf{RLHF}) has emerged as a dominant approach for aligning LLM outputs with human preferences. Inspired by the success of RLHF, we study the performance of multiple algorithms that learn from…

Prior work has proposed a simple strategy for reinforcement learning (RL): label experience with the outcomes achieved in that experience, and then imitate the relabeled experience. These outcome-conditioned imitation learning methods are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Benjamin Eysenbach , Soumith Udatha , Sergey Levine , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Hindsight experience replay (HER) is well-known to accelerate goal-based reinforcement learning (RL). While HER is generally applied to off-policy RL algorithms, we previously showed that HER can also accelerate on-policy algorithms, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Douglas C. Crowder , Matthew L. Trappett , Darrien M. McKenzie , Frances S. Chance

Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) techniques can benefit greatly from leveraging prior experience, which can be either self-generated or acquired from other entities. Action advising is a framework that provides a flexible way to transfer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Ercument Ilhan , Jeremy Gow , Diego Perez-Liebana
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