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There are two kinds of higher-order extensions of model checking: HORS model checking and HFL model checking. Whilst the former has been applied to automated verification of higher-order functional programs, applications of the latter have…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-03-01 Naoki Kobayashi , Takeshi Tsukada , Keiichi Watanabe

Explainability is emerging as a key requirement for autonomous systems. While many works have focused on what constitutes a valid explanation, few have considered formalizing explainability as a system property. In this work, we approach…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Bernd Finkbeiner , Julian Siber

Temporal logics for the specification of information-flow properties are able to express relations between multiple executions of a system. The two most important such logics are HyperLTL and HyperCTL*, which generalise LTL and CTL* by…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Marie Fortin , Louwe B. Kuijer , Patrick Totzke , Martin Zimmermann

Runtime verification enables checking temporal logic specifications over individual execution traces and offers a scalable alternative to exhaustive formal verification. In practice, systems must satisfy dozens to hundreds of temporal…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Arınç Demir , Dogan Ulus

We study the model checking problem of Hyper2LTL over finite structures. Hyper2LTL is a second-order hyperlogic, that extends the well-studied logic HyperLTL by adding quantification over sets of traces, to express complex hyperproperties…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Bernd Finkbeiner , Hadar Frenkel , Tim Rohde

Many properties related to security or concurrency must be encoded as so-called hyperproperties, temporal properties that allow reasoning about multiple traces of a system. However, despite recent advances on model checking hyperproperties,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Nuno Macedo , Hugo Pacheco

We study the reactive synthesis problem for hyperproperties given as formulas of the temporal logic HyperLTL. Hyperproperties generalize trace properties, i.e., sets of traces, to sets of sets of traces. Typical examples are…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Bernd Finkbeiner , Christopher Hahn , Philip Lukert , Marvin Stenger , Leander Tentrup

This paper studies Linear Temporal Logic over Finite Traces (LTLf) where proposition letters are replaced with first-order formulas interpreted over arbitrary theories, in the spirit of Satisfiability Modulo Theories. The resulting logic,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Luca Geatti , Alessandro Gianola , Nicola Gigante

The expressive power of interval temporal logics (ITLs) makes them one of the most natural choices in a number of application domains, ranging from the specification and verification of complex reactive systems to automated planning.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Laura Bozzelli , Alberto Molinari , Angelo Montanari , Adriano Peron , Pietro Sala

We studied the hyperlogic HyperQPTL, which combines the concepts of trace relations and $\omega$-regularity. We showed that HyperQPTL is very expressive, it can express properties like promptness, bounded waiting for a grant, epistemic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Bernd Finkbeiner , Christopher Hahn , Jana Hofmann , Leander Tentrup

The overall goal of this paper is to investigate the theoretical foundations of algorithmic verification techniques for first order linear logic specifications. The fragment of linear logic we consider in this paper is based on the linear…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2007-05-23 M. Bozzano , G. Delzanno , M. Martelli

Temporal logics for hyperproperties like HyperLTL use trace quantifiers to express properties that relate multiple system runs. In practice, the verification of such specifications is mostly limited to formulas without quantifier…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Raven Beutner , Bernd Finkbeiner

Strategy logic (SL) is a powerful temporal logic that enables first-class reasoning over strategic behavior in multi-agent systems (MAS). In many MASs, the agents (and their strategies) cannot observe the global state of the system, leading…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Raven Beutner , Bernd Finkbeiner

Hyperproperties are properties over sets of traces (or runs) of a system, as opposed to properties of just one trace. They were introduced in 2010 and have been much studied since, in particular via an extension of the temporal logic LTL…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Nicolas Waldburger , Chana Weil-Kennedy , Pierre Ganty , César Sánchez

Information-flow policies prescribe which information is available to a given user or subsystem. We study the problem of specifying such properties in reactive systems, which may require dynamic changes in information-flow restrictions…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Ezio Bartocci , Thomas Ferrère , Thomas A. Henzinger , Dejan Nickovic , Ana Oliveira da Costa

Hyperproperties are properties of systems that relate multiple computation traces, including security and concurrency properties. This paper introduces a bounded model checking (BMC) algorithm for hyperproperties expressed in HyperLTL,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Tzu-Han Hsu , Cesar Sanchez , Borzoo Bonakdarpour

Many important hyperproperties, such as refinement and generalized non-interference, fall into the class of $\forall\exists$ hyperproperties and require, for each execution trace of a system, the existence of another trace relating to the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Arthur Correnson , Tobias Niessen , Bernd Finkbeiner , Georg Weissenbacher

Rational verification refers to the problem of checking which temporal logic properties hold of a concurrent multiagent system, under the assumption that agents in the system choose strategies that form a game-theoretic equilibrium.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Julian Gutierrez , Muhammad Najib , Giuseppe Perelli , Michael Wooldridge

Temporal logics for the specification of information-flow properties are able to express relations between multiple executions of a system. The two most important such logics are HyperLTL and HyperCTL*, which generalise LTL and CTL* by…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Marie Fortin , Louwe B. Kuijer , Patrick Totzke , Martin Zimmermann

Hypertrace logic is a sorted first-order logic with separate sorts for time and execution traces. Its formulas specify hyperproperties, which are properties relating multiple traces. In this work, we extend hypertrace logic by introducing…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Marek Chalupa , Thomas A. Henzinger , Ana Oliveira da Costa