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The current paradigm of test-time scaling relies on generating long reasoning traces ("thinking" more) before producing a response. In agent problems that require interaction, this can be done by generating thinking traces before acting in…

Language agents, built on top of language models (LMs), are systems that can interact with complex environments, such as the open web. In this work, we examine whether such agents can perform realistic and time-consuming tasks on the web,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ori Yoran , Samuel Joseph Amouyal , Chaitanya Malaviya , Ben Bogin , Ofir Press , Jonathan Berant

The rise of personal assistant agents, e.g., OpenClaw, highlights the growing potential of large language models to support users across everyday life and work. A core challenge in these settings is proactive assistance, since users often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Haoran Zhang , Luxin Xu , Zhilin Wang , Runquan Gui , Shunkai Zhang , Haodi Lei , Zihao He , Bingsu He , Chicheng Qin , Tong Zhu , Xiaoye Qu , Yang Yang , Yu Cheng , Yafu Li

Multi-agent systems must decide which agent is the most appropriate for a given task. We propose a novel architecture for recommending which LLM agent out of many should perform a task given a natural language prompt by extending the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Joshua Park , Yongfeng Zhang

Agentic workflows -- where multiple large language model (LLM) instances interact to solve tasks -- are increasingly built on feedback mechanisms, where one model evaluates and critiques another. Despite the promise of feedback-driven…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Yifei Ming , Zixuan Ke , Xuan-Phi Nguyen , Jiayu Wang , Shafiq Joty

Unlike reinforcement learning (RL) agents, humans remain capable multitaskers in changing environments. In spite of only experiencing the world through their own observations and interactions, people know how to balance focusing on tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Rishav Bhagat , Jonathan Balloch , Zhiyu Lin , Julia Kim , Mark Riedl

We introduce a novel setting, wherein an agent needs to learn a task from a demonstration of a related task with the difference between the tasks communicated in natural language. The proposed setting allows reusing demonstrations from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Prasoon Goyal , Raymond J. Mooney , Scott Niekum

Foundation model-based agents are increasingly used to automate complex tasks, enhancing efficiency and productivity. However, their access to sensitive resources and autonomous decision-making also introduce significant security risks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Chejian Xu , Mintong Kang , Jiawei Zhang , Zeyi Liao , Lingbo Mo , Mengqi Yuan , Huan Sun , Bo Li

Deep Research Agents (DRAs) aim to answer complex questions by searching the web, checking evidence, and synthesizing conclusions across heterogeneous sources. We introduce a category-theoretic framework for evaluating and improving such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Shuoling Liu , Zhiquan Tan , Kun Yi , Hui Wu , Yihan Li , Jiangpeng Yan , Liyuan Chen , Kai Chen , Qiang Yang

Modern AI agents execute real-world side effects through tool calls such as file operations, shell commands, HTTP requests, and database queries. A single unsafe action, including accidental deletion, credential exposure, or data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Chenglin Yang

Recommender systems are essential components of many online platforms, yet traditional approaches still struggle with understanding complex user preferences and providing explainable recommendations. The emergence of Large Language Model…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Qiyao Peng , Hongtao Liu , Hua Huang , Qing Yang , Minglai Shao

The rapid deployment of Large Language Models and AI agents across critical societal and technical domains is hindered by persistent behavioral pathologies including sycophancy, hallucination, and strategic deception that resist mitigation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Xingcheng Xu , Jingjing Qu , Qiaosheng Zhang , Chaochao Lu , Yanqing Yang , Na Zou , Xia Hu

Automated web testing plays a critical role in ensuring high-quality user experiences and delivering business value. Traditional approaches primarily focus on code coverage and load testing, but often fall short of capturing complex user…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Naimeng Ye , Xiao Yu , Ruize Xu , Tianyi Peng , Zhou Yu

Memory makes LLM-based web agents personalized, powerful, yet exploitable. By storing past interactions to personalize future tasks, agents inadvertently create a persistent attack surface that spans websites and sessions. While existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Wei Zou , Mingwen Dong , Miguel Romero Calvo , Shuaichen Chang , Jiang Guo , Dongkyu Lee , Xing Niu , Xiaofei Ma , Yanjun Qi , Jiarong Jiang

Language models (LLMs) offer potential as a source of knowledge for agents that need to acquire new task competencies within a performance environment. We describe efforts toward a novel agent capability that can construct cues (or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 James R. Kirk , Robert E. Wray , Peter Lindes , John E. Laird

AI agents, powered by large language models (LLMs), have transformed human-computer interactions by enabling seamless, natural, and context-aware communication. While these advancements offer immense utility, they also inherit and amplify…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Xuying Li , Zhuo Li , Yuji Kosuga , Yasuhiro Yoshida , Victor Bian

Evolving AI systems increasingly deploy multi-agent architectures where autonomous agents collaborate, share information, and delegate tasks through developing protocols. This connectivity, while powerful, introduces novel security risks.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Gauri Sharma , Vidhi Kulkarni , Miles King , Ken Huang

Backdoor attacks pose a serious threat to the secure deployment of large language models (LLMs), enabling adversaries to implant hidden behaviors triggered by specific inputs. However, existing methods often rely on manually crafted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Yige Li , Zhe Li , Wei Zhao , Nay Myat Min , Hanxun Huang , Xingjun Ma , Jun Sun

As AI systems increasingly assume roles where trust and alignment with human values are essential, understanding when and why they engage in deception has become a critical research priority. We introduce The Traitors, a multi-agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Pedro M. P. Curvo

Multi-agent reinforcement learning has received significant interest in recent years notably due to the advancements made in deep reinforcement learning which have allowed for the developments of new architectures and learning algorithms.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Nicolas Anastassacos , Mirco Musolesi