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Large Language Models based on transformer algorithms have revolutionized Artificial Intelligence by enabling verbal interaction with machines akin to human conversation. These AI agents have surpassed the Turing Test, achieving confusion…

Browser agents enable autonomous web interaction but face critical reliability and security challenges in production. This paper presents findings from building and operating a production browser agent. The analysis examines where current…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Aram Vardanyan

The emergence of multimodal large language models has redefined the agent paradigm by integrating language and vision modalities with external data sources, enabling agents to better interpret human instructions and execute increasingly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Le Wang , Zonghao Ying , Tianyuan Zhang , Siyuan Liang , Shengshan Hu , Mingchuan Zhang , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu

As LLM-based computer-use agents (CUAs) begin to autonomously interact with real-world interfaces, understanding their vulnerability to manipulative interface designs becomes increasingly critical. We introduce SusBench, an online benchmark…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Longjie Guo , Chenjie Yuan , Mingyuan Zhong , Robert Wolfe , Ruican Zhong , Yue Xu , Bingbing Wen , Hua Shen , Lucy Lu Wang , Alexis Hiniker

Recent advances have enabled LLM-powered AI agents to autonomously execute complex tasks by combining language model reasoning with tools, memory, and web access. But can these systems be trusted to follow deployment policies in realistic…

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) are gradually exploited in practically valuable agentic workflows such as Deep Research, E-commerce recommendation, and job recruitment. In these applications, LLMs need to select some optimal solutions…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Zichen Tang , Zirui Zhang , Qian Wang , Zhenheng Tang , Bo Li , Xiaowen Chu

Web agents can autonomously complete online tasks by interacting with websites, but their exposure to open web environments makes them vulnerable to prompt injection attacks embedded in HTML content or visual interfaces. Existing guard…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Tri Cao , Yulin Chen , Hieu Cao , Yibo Li , Khoi Le , Thong Nguyen , Yuexin Li , Yufei He , Yue Liu , Shuicheng Yan , Bryan Hooi

Multiple prompt injection attacks have been proposed against web agents. At the same time, various methods have been developed to detect general prompt injection attacks, but none have been systematically evaluated for web agents. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yinuo Liu , Ruohan Xu , Xilong Wang , Yuqi Jia , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

The growing deployment of large language model (LLM) based agents that interact with external environments has created new attack surfaces for adversarial manipulation. One major threat is indirect prompt injection, where attackers embed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hwan Chang , Yonghyun Jun , Hwanhee Lee

Eliciting reasoning has emerged as a powerful technique for improving the performance of large language models (LLMs) on complex tasks by inducing thinking. However, their effectiveness in realistic user-engaged agent scenarios remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jiatong Li , Changdae Oh , Hyeong Kyu Choi , Jindong Wang , Sharon Li

Web agents, which couple language models with browsing and tool-use capabilities, show promise as open web assistants. Yet progress is increasingly limited by the lack of scalable, process-level supervision. Existing benchmarks are largely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Tenghao Huang , Kung-Hsiang Huang , Prafulla Kumar Choubey , Yilun Zhou , Muhao Chen , Jonathan May , Chien-Sheng Wu

As LLM-based agents increasingly operate in multi-agent systems, understanding adversarial manipulation becomes critical for defensive design. We present a systematic study of intentional deception as an engineered capability, using…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jason Starace , Terence Soule

Multi-agent systems achieve state-of-the-art outcomes through peer collaboration. However, when an agent in the pipeline silently drops a constraint, the system's final output may look correct even though the reasoning chain was quietly…

Modern LLM agents solve complex tasks by operating in iterative execution loops, where they repeatedly reason, act, and self-evaluate progress to determine when a task is complete. In this work, we show that while this self-directed loop…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Huiyu Xu , Zhibo Wang , Wenhui Zhang , Ziqi Zhu , Yaopeng Wang , Kui Ren , Chun Chen

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly rely on external tools (file operations, API calls, database transactions) to autonomously complete complex multi-step tasks. Practitioners deploy defense-trained models to protect against…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Shawn Li , Yue Zhao

Users across enterprises increasingly rely on AI agents to query their data through natural language. However, building reliable data agents remains difficult because real-world data is often fragmented across multiple heterogeneous…

The improvement of web agents on current benchmarks raises the question: Do today's agents perform just as well when the web changes? We introduce TimeWarp, a benchmark that emulates the evolving web using containerized environments that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Md Farhan Ishmam , Kenneth Marino

Task oriented language understanding in dialog systems is often modeled using intents (task of a query) and slots (parameters for that task). Intent detection and slot tagging are, in turn, modeled using sentence classification and word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Arash Einolghozati , Sonal Gupta , Mrinal Mohit , Rushin Shah

Response timing judgment is a critical component of interactive speech agents. Although there exists substantial prior work on turn modeling and voice wake-up, there is a lack of research on response timing judgments continuously aligned…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zihong He , Hai-Ning Liang , Chen Liang

Reinforcement learning has enjoyed multiple successes in recent years. However, these successes typically require very large amounts of data before an agent achieves acceptable performance. This paper introduces a novel way of combating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-14 Zhaodong Wang , Matthew E. Taylor