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A Large Language Model (LLM) is an artificial intelligence system that has been trained on vast amounts of natural language data, enabling it to generate human-like responses to written or spoken language input. GPT-3.5 is an example of an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Gaurav Suri , Lily R. Slater , Ali Ziaee , Morgan Nguyen

Large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT are increasingly used in academic writing, yet issues such as incorrect or fabricated references raise ethical concerns. Moreover, current content quality evaluations often rely on subjective human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Jing Ren , Weiqi Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, exhibit advanced capabilities in generating text, images, and videos. However, their effective use remains constrained by challenges in prompt formulation, personalization, and opaque…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Si Thu , A. Baki Kocaballi

Emotional intelligence significantly impacts our daily behaviors and interactions. Although Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly viewed as a stride toward artificial general intelligence, exhibiting impressive performance in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Cheng Li , Jindong Wang , Yixuan Zhang , Kaijie Zhu , Wenxin Hou , Jianxun Lian , Fang Luo , Qiang Yang , Xing Xie

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in medicine. However, their utility in non-generative clinical prediction, often presumed inferior to specialized models, remains under-evaluated, leading to ongoing debate within the…

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and LLaMA show promise in medical applications, yet challenges remain in medical language comprehension. This study presents Me-LLaMA, a new medical LLM family based on…

Instruction-tuned Language Models (ILMs) have become essential components of modern AI systems, demonstrating exceptional versatility across natural language and reasoning tasks. Among their most impactful applications is code generation,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Zaiyu Cheng , Antonio Mastropaolo

Prompt engineering is a crucial yet challenging task for optimizing the performance of large language models (LLMs) on customized tasks. This pioneering research introduces the Automatic Prompt Engineering Toolbox (APET), which enables…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Daan Kepel , Konstantina Valogianni

Large language models (LLMs) have garnered significant interest in natural language processing (NLP), particularly their remarkable performance in various downstream tasks in resource-rich languages. Recent studies have highlighted the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Md. Arid Hasan , Prerona Tarannum , Krishno Dey , Imran Razzak , Usman Naseem

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in medical settings, yet their sensitivity to prompt formatting remains poorly characterized. We evaluate MedGemma (4B and 27B parameters) on MedMCQA (4,183 questions) and PubMedQA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Binesh Sadanandan , Vahid Behzadan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used to simulate human-like decision making in agent-based financial market models (ABMs). As models become more powerful and accessible, researchers can now incorporate individual LLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Alicia Vidler , Toby Walsh

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly utilized in clinical reasoning and risk assessment. However, their interpretive reliability in critical and indeterminate domains such as psychiatry remains unclear. Prior work has identified…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Shevya Panda , Shinjini Bose , Ananya Joshi

Large language models (LLMs) show promise for supporting clinical decision-making in complex fields such as rheumatology. Our evaluation shows that smaller language models (SLMs), combined with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Sabine Felde , Rüdiger Buchkremer , Gamal Chehab , Christian Thielscher , Jörg HW Distler , Matthias Schneider , Jutta G. Richter

This study addresses the gap in the literature concerning the comparative performance of LLMs in interpreting different types of figurative language across multiple languages. By evaluating LLMs using two multilingual datasets on simile and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Paria Khoshtab , Danial Namazifard , Mostafa Masoudi , Ali Akhgary , Samin Mahdizadeh Sani , Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh

Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbots leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) are gaining traction in healthcare for their potential to automate patient interactions and aid clinical decision-making. This study examines the reliability of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Ayesha Siddika Nipu , K M Sajjadul Islam , Praveen Madiraju

Requirements classification assigns natural language requirements to predefined classes, such as functional and non functional. Accurate classification reduces risk and improves software quality. Most existing models rely on supervised…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Manal Binkhonain , Reem Alfayaz

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown promise as high-level planners for robots when given access to a selection of low-level skills. However, it is often assumed that LLMs do not possess sufficient knowledge to be used for the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Teyun Kwon , Norman Di Palo , Edward Johns

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become integral to a wide spectrum of applications, ranging from traditional computing tasks to advanced artificial intelligence (AI) applications. This widespread adoption has spurred extensive research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Xu Wang , Cheng Li , Yi Chang , Jindong Wang , Yuan Wu

LLMs have become increasingly capable at accomplishing a range of specialized-tasks and can be utilized to expand equitable access to medical knowledge. Most medical LLMs have involved extensive fine-tuning, leveraging specialized medical…

In-context learning (ICL) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate predictions based on prompts without additional fine-tuning. While prompt engineering has been widely studied, the impact of role design within prompts remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Hamidreza Rouzegar , Masoud Makrehchi