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The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) was originally developed to solve combinatorial optimization problems, but has become a standard for assessing the performance of quantum computers. Fully descriptive benchmarking…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-29 Anthony M. Polloreno , Graeme Smith

In recent years, quantum computing has emerged as a transformative force in the field of combinatorial optimization, offering novel approaches to tackling complex problems that have long challenged classical computational methods. Among…

Maximum cut (Max-Cut) problem is one of the most important combinatorial optimization problems because of its various applications in real life, and recently Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) has been widely employed to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-31 Yiren Lu , Guojing Tian , Xiaoming Sun

This article consists of a short introduction to the quantum approximation optimisation algorithm (QAOA). The mathematical structure of the QAOA, as well as its basic properties, are described. The implementation of the QAOA on MaxCut…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-25 Behzad Mansouri

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is one of the fundamental variational quantum algorithms, while a version of QAOA that includes counterdiabatic driving, termed Digitized Counterdiabatic QAOA (DC-QAOA), is generally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-02 Jie Liu , Xin Wang

Quantum approximate optimization algorithms are hybrid quantum-classical variational algorithms designed to approximately solve combinatorial optimization problems such as the MAX-CUT problem. In spite of its potential for near-term quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-27 Eunok Bae , Soojoon Lee

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is an approach for near-term quantum computers to potentially demonstrate computational advantage in solving combinatorial optimization problems. However, the viability of the QAOA…

Establishing quantum advantage for variational quantum algorithms is an important direction in quantum computing. In this work, we apply the Quantum Approximate Optimisation Algorithm (QAOA) -- a popular variational quantum algorithm for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-08 Andrew El-Kadi , Roberto Bondesan

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a quantum algorithm that finds approximate solutions to problems in combinatorial optimization, especially those that can be formulated as a Quadratic Unconstrained Binary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Bikrant Bhattacharyya , Michael Capriotti , Reuben Tate

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a promising method of solving combinatorial optimization problems using quantum computing. QAOA on the MaxCut problem has been studied extensively on specific families of graphs,…

The Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is one of the most promising candidates for achieving quantum advantage through quantum-enhanced combinatorial optimization. In a typical QAOA setup, a set of quantum circuit parameters…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-15 Alexey Galda , Xiaoyuan Liu , Danylo Lykov , Yuri Alexeev , Ilya Safro

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) has been proposed as a method to obtain approximate solutions for combinatorial optimization tasks. In this work, we study the underlying algebraic properties of three QAOA ans\"atze for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-27 Sujay Kazi , Martín Larocca , Marco Farinati , Patrick J. Coles , M. Cerezo , Robert Zeier

Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a promising hybrid quantum-classical algorithm to solve combinatorial optimization problems in the era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers. Recently warm-start approaches have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-19 Ken N. Okada , Hirofumi Nishi , Taichi Kosugi , Yu-ichiro Matsushita

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have demonstrated considerable potential in solving NP-hard combinatorial problems in the contemporary near intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. The quantum approximate optimisation algorithm (QAOA)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-09 Boy Choy , David J. Wales

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a promising quantum-classical hybrid technique to solve combinatorial optimization problems in near-term gate-based noisy quantum devices. In QAOA, the objective is a function of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Mahabubul Alam , Abdullah Ash-Saki , Swaroop Ghosh

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is one of the most promising candidates to achieve the quantum advantage in solving combinatorial optimization problems. The process of finding a good set of variational parameters in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-18 Kien X. Nguyen , Bao Bach , Ilya Safro

Quantum optimization allows for up to exponential quantum speedups for specific, possibly industrially relevant problems. As the key algorithm in this field, we motivate and discuss the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA),…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Jonas Stein , Maximilian Zorn , Leo Sünkel , Thomas Gabor

In this work, we compare the performance of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) with state-of-the-art classical solvers such as Gurobi and MQLib to solve the combinatorial optimization problem MaxCut on 3-regular graphs.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-01 Danylo Lykov , Jonathan Wurtz , Cody Poole , Mark Saffman , Tom Noel , Yuri Alexeev

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has emerged as a promising candidate for demonstrating quantum advantage on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. While various QAOA parameterization schemes exist, ranging…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Evan Camilleri , André Xuereb , Tony J. G. Apollaro , Mirko Consiglio

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a method of approximately solving combinatorial optimization problems. While QAOA is developed to solve a broad class of combinatorial optimization problems, it is not clear which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-13 James Ostrowski , Rebekah Herrman , Travis S. Humble , George Siopsis