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We propose a novel method for privacy-preserving deep neural networks (DNNs) with the Vision Transformer (ViT). The method allows us not only to train models and test with visually protected images but to also avoid the performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Teru Nagamori , Sayaka Shiota , Hitoshi Kiya

Token merging has emerged as a new paradigm that can accelerate the inference of Vision Transformers (ViTs) without any retraining or fine-tuning. To push the frontier of training-free acceleration in ViTs, we improve token merging by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jung Hwan Heo , Seyedarmin Azizi , Arash Fayyazi , Massoud Pedram

The computational expense of redundant vision tokens in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) has led many existing methods to compress them via a vision projector. However, this compression may lose visual information that is crucial for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Ze Feng , Jiang-jiang Liu , Sen Yang , Lingyu Xiao , Zhibin Quan , Zhenhua Feng , Wankou Yang , Jingdong Wang

Recent advancements in computer vision have highlighted the scalability of Vision Transformers (ViTs) across various tasks, yet challenges remain in balancing adaptability, computational efficiency, and the ability to model higher-order…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Joshua Fixelle

The shift from Convolutional Neural Networks to Transformers has reshaped computer vision, yet these two architectural families are typically viewed as fundamentally distinct. We argue that convolution and self-attention, despite their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Mingi Kang , Jeová Farias Sales Rocha Neto

The input tokens to Vision Transformers carry little semantic meaning as they are defined as regular equal-sized patches of the input image, regardless of its content. However, processing uniform background areas of an image should not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Jakob Drachmann Havtorn , Amelie Royer , Tijmen Blankevoort , Babak Ehteshami Bejnordi

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have revolutionized multi-modal learning by jointly processing visual and textual information. Yet, they face significant challenges due to the high computational and memory demands of processing long sequences…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yvon Apedo , Martyna Poreba , Michal Szczepanski , Samia Bouchafa

Although transformers have become the neural architectures of choice for natural language processing, they require orders of magnitude more training data, GPU memory, and computations in order to compete with convolutional neural networks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Pranav Jeevan , Amit Sethi

Vision Transformers (ViT) serve as powerful vision models. Unlike convolutional neural networks, which dominated vision research in previous years, vision transformers enjoy the ability to capture long-range dependencies in the data.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Moab Arar , Ariel Shamir , Amit H. Bermano

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have achieved comparable or superior performance than Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in computer vision. This empirical breakthrough is even more remarkable since, in contrast to CNNs, ViTs do not embed any…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Samy Jelassi , Michael E. Sander , Yuanzhi Li

The vision transformer splits each image into a sequence of tokens with fixed length and processes the tokens in the same way as words in natural language processing. More tokens normally lead to better performance but considerably…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Yichen Zhu , Yuqin Zhu , Jie Du , Yi Wang , Zhicai Ou , Feifei Feng , Jian Tang

Despite the recent success in many applications, the high computational requirements of vision transformers limit their use in resource-constrained settings. While many existing methods improve the quadratic complexity of attention, in most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Dmitrii Marin , Jen-Hao Rick Chang , Anurag Ranjan , Anish Prabhu , Mohammad Rastegari , Oncel Tuzel

Modern vision transformers leverage visually inspired local interaction between pixels through attention computed within window or grid regions, in contrast to the global attention employed in the original ViT. Regional attention restricts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Nabil Ibtehaz , Ning Yan , Masood Mortazavi , Daisuke Kihara

Token pruning is essential for enhancing the computational efficiency of vision-language models (VLMs), particularly for video-based tasks where temporal redundancy is prevalent. Prior approaches typically prune tokens either (1) within the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Jianrui Zhang , Yue Yang , Rohun Tripathi , Winson Han , Ranjay Krishna , Christopher Clark , Yong Jae Lee , Sangho Lee

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) encode images and videos into abundant tokens, which contain substantial redundancy and computation cost. While visual token pruning mitigates the issue, most existing methods lack insight into the intrinsic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jizhihui Liu , Feiyi Du , Guangdao Zhu , Niu Lian , Jun Li , Bin Chen , Weili Guan , Yaowei Wang

The vision transformer is a model that breaks down each image into a sequence of tokens with a fixed length and processes them similarly to words in natural language processing. Although increasing the number of tokens typically results in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Qiqi Zhou , Yichen Zhu

Searching for the $k$-nearest neighbors (KNN) in multimodal data retrieval is computationally expensive, particularly due to the inherent difficulty in comparing similarity measures across different modalities. Recent advances in multimodal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Chengyu Gong , Gefei Shen , Luanzheng Guo , Nathan Tallent , Dongfang Zhao

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown impressive performance across multi-modal tasks by encoding images into thousands of tokens. However, the large number of image tokens results in significant computational overhead, and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Kaiyuan Li , Xiaoyue Chen , Chen Gao , Yong Li , Xinlei Chen

Vision encoders typically generate a large number of visual tokens, providing information-rich representations but significantly increasing computational demands. This raises the question of whether all generated tokens are equally valuable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Eduard Allakhverdov , Elizaveta Goncharova , Andrey Kuznetsov

Vision Transformer (ViT) has gained increasing attention in the computer vision community in recent years. However, the core component of ViT, Self-Attention, lacks explicit spatial priors and bears a quadratic computational complexity,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Qihang Fan , Huaibo Huang , Mingrui Chen , Hongmin Liu , Ran He