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The magnitude of parameter updates are considered a key factor in continual learning. However, most existing studies focus on designing diverse update strategies, while a theoretical understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 JinLi He , Liang Bai , Xian Yang

Fine-tuning from pre-trained ImageNet models has become the de-facto standard for various computer vision tasks. Current practices for fine-tuning typically involve selecting an ad-hoc choice of hyperparameters and keeping them fixed to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-28 Hao Li , Pratik Chaudhari , Hao Yang , Michael Lam , Avinash Ravichandran , Rahul Bhotika , Stefano Soatto

The workflow of pretraining and fine-tuning has emerged as a popular paradigm for solving various NLP and V&L (Vision-and-Language) downstream tasks. With the capacity of pretrained models growing rapidly, how to perform parameter-efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-09 Zhengkun Zhang , Wenya Guo , Xiaojun Meng , Yasheng Wang , Yadao Wang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu , Zhenglu Yang

Robust and effective scaling of models from small to large width typically requires the precise adjustment of many algorithmic and architectural details, such as parameterization and optimizer choices. In this work, we propose a new…

For deep learning practitioners, hyperparameter tuning for optimizing model performance can be a computationally expensive task. Though visualization can help practitioners relate hyperparameter settings to overall model performance,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Hyekang Joo , Calvin Bao , Ishan Sen , Furong Huang , Leilani Battle

A practical limitation of deep neural networks is their high degree of specialization to a single task and visual domain. Recently, inspired by the successes of transfer learning, several authors have proposed to learn instead universal,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Sylvestre-Alvise Rebuffi , Hakan Bilen , Andrea Vedaldi

We address the challenge of optimizing meta-parameters (hyperparameters) in machine learning, a key factor for efficient training and high model performance. Rather than relying on expensive meta-parameter search methods, we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Arsalan Sharifnassab , Saber Salehkaleybar , Richard Sutton

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning approaches have recently garnered a lot of attention. Having considerably lower number of trainable weights, these methods can bring about scalability and computational effectiveness. In this paper, we look…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Mohammad Akbar-Tajari , Sara Rajaee , Mohammad Taher Pilehvar

Empirical scaling laws prescribe how to allocate parameters, data, and compute, while maximal-update parameterization ($\mu$P) enables learning-rate transfer across widths by equalizing early-time update magnitudes. However, in modern…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Zhiyuan Fan , Yifeng Liu , Qingyue Zhao , Angela Yuan , Quanquan Gu

The ever-growing demand and complexity of machine learning are putting pressure on hyper-parameter tuning systems: while the evaluation cost of models continues to increase, the scalability of state-of-the-arts starts to become a crucial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Yang Li , Yu Shen , Huaijun Jiang , Wentao Zhang , Jixiang Li , Ji Liu , Ce Zhang , Bin Cui

Optimal configuration of the learning rate (LR) is a fundamental yet formidable challenge in large-scale pre-training. Given the stringent trade-off between training costs and model performance, the pivotal question is whether the optimal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yunhua Zhou , Shuhao Xing , Junhao Huang , Xipeng Qiu , Qipeng Guo

Fueled by their remarkable ability to tackle diverse tasks across multiple domains, large language models (LLMs) have grown at an unprecedented rate, with some recent models containing trillions of parameters. This growth is accompanied by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Athanasios Glentis , Jiaxiang Li , Qiulin Shang , Andi Han , Ioannis Tsaknakis , Quan Wei , Mingyi Hong

Scaling model sizes to scale performance has worked remarkably well for the current large language models paradigm. The research and empirical findings of various scaling studies led to novel scaling results and laws that guides subsequent…

Hyperparameter optimization is both a practical issue and an interesting theoretical problem in training of deep architectures. Despite many recent advances the most commonly used methods almost universally involve training multiple and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Vlad Pushkarov , Jonathan Efroni , Mykola Maksymenko , Maciej Koch-Janusz

Parameter sharing has proven to be a parameter-efficient approach. Previous work on Transformers has focused on sharing parameters in different layers, which can improve the performance of models with limited parameters by increasing model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Ye Lin , Mingxuan Wang , Zhexi Zhang , Xiaohui Wang , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Deep learning (DL) has transformed applications in a variety of domains, including computer vision, natural language processing, and tabular data analysis. The search for improved DL model accuracy has led practitioners to explore…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Kabir Nagrecha

By classifying infinite-width neural networks and identifying the *optimal* limit, Tensor Programs IV and V demonstrated a universal way, called $\mu$P, for *widthwise hyperparameter transfer*, i.e., predicting optimal hyperparameters of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Greg Yang , Dingli Yu , Chen Zhu , Soufiane Hayou

Transfer learning is a useful technique for achieving improved performance and reducing training costs by leveraging the knowledge gained from source tasks and applying it to target tasks. Assessing the effectiveness of transfer learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Peizhong Ju , Sen Lin , Mark S. Squillante , Yingbin Liang , Ness B. Shroff

Despite the success, the process of fine-tuning large-scale PLMs brings prohibitive adaptation costs. In fact, fine-tuning all the parameters of a colossal model and retaining separate instances for different tasks are practically…

Neural machine translation (NMT) has been accelerated by deep learning neural networks over statistical-based approaches, due to the plethora and programmability of commodity heterogeneous computing architectures such as FPGAs and GPUs and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Robert Lim , Kenneth Heafield , Hieu Hoang , Mark Briers , Allen Malony