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Speculative decoding accelerates LLM inference but suffers from performance degradation when target models are fine-tuned for specific domains. A naive solution is to retrain draft models for every target model, which is costly and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Luxi Lin , Zhihang Lin , Zhanpeng Zeng , Yuhao Chen , Qingyu Zhang , Jixiang Luo , Xuelong Li , Rongrong Ji

How do we transfer the relevant knowledge from ever larger foundation models into small, task-specific downstream models that can run at much lower costs? Standard transfer learning using pre-trained weights as the initialization transfers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Shikai Qiu , Boran Han , Danielle C. Maddix , Shuai Zhang , Yuyang Wang , Andrew Gordon Wilson

Foundation models are now a major focus of leading technology organizations due to their ability to generalize across diverse tasks. Existing approaches for adapting foundation models to new applications often rely on Federated Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Jong-Ik Park , Srinivasa Pranav , José M. F. Moura , Carlee Joe-Wong

The Deep Prior framework has emerged as a powerful generative tool which can be used for reconstructing sound fields in an environment from few sparse pressure measurements. It employs a neural network that is trained solely on a limited…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-15 Mirco Pezzoli , Federico Miotello , Shoichi Koyama , Fabio Antonacci

Pre-training Large Language Models (LLMs) on web-scale datasets becomes fundamental for advancing general-purpose AI. In contrast, enhancing their predictive performance on downstream tasks typically involves adapting their knowledge…

We propose InCA, a lightweight method for transfer learning that cross-attends to any activation layer of a pre-trained model. During training, InCA uses a single forward pass to extract multiple activations, which are passed to external…

Federated Learning (FL) has gained popularity for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) across multiple nodes, each with its own private data. While LoRA has been widely adopted for parameter efficient federated fine-tuning, recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Navyansh Mahla , Sunny Gupta , Amit Sethi

Deep learning techniques have considerably improved speech processing in recent years. Speaker representations extracted by deep learning models are being used in a wide range of tasks such as speaker recognition and speech emotion…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-25 Amirhossein Hajavi , Ali Etemad

In this paper, we move towards combining large parametric models with non-parametric prototypical networks. We propose prototypical fine-tuning, a novel prototypical framework for fine-tuning pretrained language models (LM), which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Yiqiao Jin , Xiting Wang , Yaru Hao , Yizhou Sun , Xing Xie

Intermediate training of pre-trained transformer-based language models on domain-specific data leads to substantial gains for downstream tasks. To increase efficiency and prevent catastrophic forgetting alleviated from full domain-adaptive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Chia-Chien Hung , Lukas Lange , Jannik Strötgen

We present LLaMA-Adapter, a lightweight adaption method to efficiently fine-tune LLaMA into an instruction-following model. Using 52K self-instruct demonstrations, LLaMA-Adapter only introduces 1.2M learnable parameters upon the frozen…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Renrui Zhang , Jiaming Han , Chris Liu , Peng Gao , Aojun Zhou , Xiangfei Hu , Shilin Yan , Pan Lu , Hongsheng Li , Yu Qiao

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) lowers the computational and memory overhead of fine-tuning large models by updating a low-dimensional subspace of the pre-trained weight matrix. Albeit efficient, LoRA exhibits suboptimal convergence and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yilang Zhang , Bingcong Li , Georgios B. Giannakis

Fine-tuning is a promising technique for leveraging Transformer-based language models in downstream tasks. As model sizes continue to grow, updating all model parameters becomes increasingly costly. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Xiaoshuang Ji , Zhendong Zhao , Xiaojun Chen , Xin Zhao , Zeyao Liu

Cross-lingual speech adaptation aims to solve the problem of leveraging multiple rich-resource languages to build models for a low-resource target language. Since the low-resource language has limited training data, speech recognition…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Wenxin Hou , Han Zhu , Yidong Wang , Jindong Wang , Tao Qin , Renjun Xu , Takahiro Shinozaki

Low-rank Adaptation (LoRA) has gained popularity as a fine-tuning approach for Large Language Models (LLMs) due to its low resource requirements and good performance. While a plethora of work has investigated improving LoRA serving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Minghao Yan , Zhuang Wang , Zhen Jia , Shivaram Venkataraman , Yida Wang

By using unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA), knowledge can be transferred from a label-rich source domain to a target domain that contains relevant information but lacks labels. Many existing UDA algorithms suffer from directly using raw…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Le Luo , Bingrong Xu , Qingyong Zhang , Cheng Lian , Jie Luo

We present a novel Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) method, dubbed as Adaptive Freezing of Low Rank Adaptation (AFLoRA). Specifically, for each pre-trained frozen weight tensor, we add a parallel path of trainable low-rank matrices,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Zeyu Liu , Souvik Kundu , Anni Li , Junrui Wan , Lianghao Jiang , Peter Anthony Beerel

The relation classification is to identify semantic relations between two entities in a given text. While existing models perform well for classifying inverse relations with large datasets, their performance is significantly reduced for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Chunliu Dou , Shaojuan Wu , Xiaowang Zhang , Zhiyong Feng , Kewen Wang

Recent work has demonstrated that using parameter efficient tuning techniques such as prefix tuning (or P-tuning) on pretrained language models can yield performance that is comparable or superior to fine-tuning while dramatically reducing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Stephen Obadinma , Hongyu Guo , Xiaodan Zhu

Foundation models have recently attracted significant attention for their impressive generalizability across diverse downstream tasks. However, these models are demonstrated to exhibit great limitations in representing high-frequency…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-18 Yuetan Chu , Yilan Zhang , Zhongyi Han , Changchun Yang , Longxi Zhou , Gongning Luo , Chao Huang , Xin Gao