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Autonomous vehicles operate in a dynamic environment, where the speed with which a vehicle can perceive and react impacts the safety and efficacy of the system. LiDAR provides a prominent sensory modality that informs many existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Wei Han , Zhengdong Zhang , Benjamin Caine , Brandon Yang , Christoph Sprunk , Ouais Alsharif , Jiquan Ngiam , Vijay Vasudevan , Jonathon Shlens , Zhifeng Chen

Current state-of-art traffic microsimulation tools cannot accurately estimate safety, efficiency, and mobility benefits of automated driving systems and vehicle connectivity because of not considering physical and powertrain characteristics…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-19 Shirin Noei , Xilei Zhao , Carl D. Crane

The rapid development of 3D object detection systems for self-driving cars has significantly improved accuracy. However, these systems struggle to generalize across diverse driving environments, which can lead to safety-critical failures in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Travis Zhang , Katie Luo , Cheng Perng Phoo , Yurong You , Wei-Lun Chao , Bharath Hariharan , Mark Campbell , Kilian Q. Weinberger

As a safety-critical cyber-physical system, cybersecurity and related safety issues for Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) have been important research topics for a while. Among all the modules on AVs, perception is one of the most accessible attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Hanlin Chen , Simin Chen , Wenyu Li , Wei Yang , Yiheng Feng

Road intersections are widely recognized as a lead cause for accidents and traffic delays. In a future scenario with a significant adoption of Cooperative Autonomous Vehicles, solutions based on fully automatic, signage-less Intersection…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-09 Twan Keijzer , Fabian Jarmolowitz , Riccardo M. G. Ferrari

In autonomous driving, the combination of AI and vehicular technology offers great potential. However, this amalgamation comes with vulnerabilities to adversarial attacks. This survey focuses on the intersection of Adversarial Machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Junae Kim , Amardeep Kaur

The Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) system automatically adjusts the vehicle speed to maintain a safe distance between the vehicle and the lead (ahead) vehicle. The controller's decision to accelerate or decelerate is computed using the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Mubark B. Jedh , Lotfi ben Othmane , Arun K. Somani

The accuracy of camera-based object detection (CBOD) built upon deep learning is often evaluated against the real objects in frames only. However, such simplistic evaluation ignores the fact that many unimportant objects are small, distant,…

Collaborative perception allows connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) to improve perception by sharing sensory data, but it also introduces security risks from manipulated inputs. Prior work shows that attackers can spoof or remove…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Qingzhao Zhang , Runting Zhang , Z. Morley Mao

Widespread adoption of autonomous cars will require greater confidence in their safety than is currently possible. Certified control is a new safety architecture whose goal is two-fold: to achieve a very high level of safety, and to provide…

In recent years, many deep learning models have been adopted in autonomous driving. At the same time, these models introduce new vulnerabilities that may compromise the safety of autonomous vehicles. Specifically, recent studies have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Jindi Zhang , Yang Lou , Jianping Wang , Kui Wu , Kejie Lu , Xiaohua Jia

In Autonomous Driving (AD) systems, perception is both security and safety critical. Despite various prior studies on its security issues, all of them only consider attacks on camera- or LiDAR-based AD perception alone. However, production…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Yulong Cao* , Ningfei Wang* , Chaowei Xiao* , Dawei Yang* , Jin Fang , Ruigang Yang , Qi Alfred Chen , Mingyan Liu , Bo Li

In recent years, 3D object perception has become a crucial component in the development of autonomous driving systems, providing essential environmental awareness. However, as perception tasks in autonomous driving evolve, their variants…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Yu Wang , Shaohua Wang , Yicheng Li , Mingchun Liu

In Autonomous Driving (AD), real-time perception is a critical component responsible for detecting surrounding objects to ensure safe driving. While researchers have extensively explored the integrity of AD perception due to its safety and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Chen Ma , Ningfei Wang , Qi Alfred Chen , Chao Shen

Automated vehicles require an accurate perception of their surroundings for safe and efficient driving. Lidar-based object detection is a widely used method for environment perception, but its performance is significantly affected by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Raphael van Kempen , Tim Rehbronn , Abin Jose , Johannes Stegmaier , Bastian Lampe , Timo Woopen , Lutz Eckstein

LiDAR-driven 3D sensing allows new generations of vehicles to achieve advanced levels of situation awareness. However, recent works have demonstrated that physical adversaries can spoof LiDAR return signals and deceive 3D object detectors…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Zhongyuan Hau , Soteris Demetriou , Luis Muñoz-González , Emil C. Lupu

Autonomous driving systems (ADS) increasingly rely on deep learning-based perception models, which remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks. In this paper, we revisit adversarial attacks and defense methods, focusing on road sign…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Cheng Chen , Yuhong Wang , Nafis S Munir , Xiangwei Zhou , Xugui Zhou

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are found to be vulnerable against adversarial examples, which are carefully crafted inputs with a small magnitude of perturbation aiming to induce arbitrarily incorrect predictions. Recent studies show that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Yulong Cao , Chaowei Xiao , Dawei Yang , Jing Fang , Ruigang Yang , Mingyan Liu , Bo Li

While the most visible part of the safety verification process of automated vehicles concerns the planning and control system, it is often overlooked that safety of the latter crucially depends on the fault-tolerance of the preceding…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Cornelius Buerkle , Florian Geissler , Michael Paulitsch , Kay-Ulrich Scholl

We consider the object recognition problem in autonomous driving using automotive radar sensors. Comparing to Lidar sensors, radar is cost-effective and robust in all-weather conditions for perception in autonomous driving. However, radar…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Peizhao Li , Pu Wang , Karl Berntorp , Hongfu Liu