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Domain generalization remains a critical challenge in medical imaging, where models trained on single sources often fail under real-world distribution shifts. We propose KG-DG, a neuro-symbolic framework for diabetic retinopathy (DR)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Midhat Urooj , Ayan Banerjee , Farhat Shaikh , Kuntal Thakur , Sandeep Gupta

Fundus images are widely used for diagnosing various eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. However, manual analysis of fundus images is time-consuming and prone to errors. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Eric Shah , Jay Patel , Mr. Vishal Katheriya , Parth Pataliya

The automatic segmentation of retinal layer structures enables clinically-relevant quantification and monitoring of eye disorders over time in OCT imaging. Eyes with late-stage diseases are particularly challenging to segment, as their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-18 Stefanos Apostolopoulos , Sandro De Zanet , Carlos Ciller , Sebastian Wolf , Raphael Sznitman

Much effort is being made by the researchers in order to detect and diagnose diabetic retinopathy (DR) accurately automatically. The disease is very dangerous as it can cause blindness suddenly if it is not continuously screened. Therefore,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-24 Eman AbdelMaksoud , Sherif Barakat , Mohammed Elmogy

This paper presents a multitask deep learning model to detect all the five stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) consisting of no DR, mild DR, moderate DR, severe DR, and proliferate DR. This multitask model consists of one classification…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-14 Sharmin Majumder , Nasser Kehtarnavaz

Interpretability of deep learning (DL) systems is gaining attention in medical imaging to increase experts' trust in the obtained predictions and facilitate their integration in clinical settings. We propose a deep visualization method to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Cristina González-Gonzalo , Bart Liefers , Bram van Ginneken , Clara I. Sánchez

Retinal diseases can cause irreversible vision loss in both eyes if not diagnosed and treated early. Since retinal diseases are so complicated, retinal imaging is likely to show two or more abnormalities. Current deep learning techniques…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-04 Tariq M Khan , Shahzaib Iqbal , Syed S. Naqvi , Imran Razzak , Erik Meijering

Deep learning-based models are developed to automatically detect if a retina image is `referable' in diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening. However, their classification accuracy degrades as the input images distributionally shift from their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Jay Nandy , Wynne Hsu , Mong Li Lee

Diabetic retinopathy is the most important complication of diabetes. Early diagnosis of retinal lesions helps to avoid visual loss or blindness. Due to high-resolution and small-size lesion regions, applying existing methods, such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Zizheng Yan , Xiaoguang Han , Changmiao Wang , Yuda Qiu , Zixiang Xiong , Shuguang Cui

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema are common complications of diabetes which can lead to vision loss. The grading of DR is a fairly complex process that requires the detection of fine features such as microaneurysms,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Jonathan Krause , Varun Gulshan , Ehsan Rahimy , Peter Karth , Kasumi Widner , Greg S. Corrado , Lily Peng , Dale R. Webster

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in developed countries, especially in people over 60 years of age. The workload of specialists and the healthcare system in this field has increased in recent…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-07 Saman Sotoudeh-Paima , Ata Jodeiri , Fedra Hajizadeh , Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh

Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of vision loss, particularly in India, where access to retina specialists is limited in rural areas. This study aims to evaluate the Artificial Intelligence-based Diabetic Retinopathy…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-27 Amit Kr Dey , Pradeep Walia , Girish Somvanshi , Abrar Ali , Sagarnil Das , Pallabi Paul , Minakhi Ghosh

In this paper, we propose an explainable and interpretable diabetic retinopathy (ExplainDR) classification model based on neural-symbolic learning. To gain explainability, a highlevel symbolic representation should be considered in decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Se-In Jang , Michael J. A. Girard , Alexandre H. Thiery

Retinal neovascularization (RNV) is a vision threatening development in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Vision loss associated with RNV is preventable with timely intervention, making RNV clinical screening and monitoring a priority. Optical…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-01 Jinyi Hao , Jie Wang , Liqin Gao , Tristan T. Hormel , Yukun Guo , An-Lun Wu , Christina J. Flaxel , Steven T. Bailey , Kotaro Tsuboi , Thomas S. Hwang , Yali Jia

This paper attacks an emerging challenge of multi-modal retinal disease recognition. Given a multi-modal case consisting of a color fundus photo (CFP) and an array of OCT B-scan images acquired during an eye examination, we aim to build a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Xirong Li , Yang Zhou , Jie Wang , Hailan Lin , Jianchun Zhao , Dayong Ding , Weihong Yu , Youxin Chen

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential across various medical applications. Building on this foundation, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) integrate LLMs with visual models to process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Xiaoyi Liang , Mouxiao Bian , Moxin Chen , Lihao Liu , Junjun He , Jie Xu , Lin Li

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening is instrumental in preventing blindness, but faces a scaling challenge as the number of diabetic patients rises. Risk stratification for the development of DR may help optimize screening intervals to…

Retinal diseases are a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness, with timely diagnosis being critical for effective treatment. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) has become a standard imaging modality for retinal disease diagnosis,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-06 Jilan Cheng , Guoli Long , Zeyu Zhang , Zhenjia Qi , Hanyu Wang , Libin Lu , Shuihua Wang , Yudong Zhang , Jin Hong

Multiple-surface segmentation in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images is a challenge problem, further complicated by the frequent presence of weak image boundaries. Recently, many deep learning (DL) based methods have been developed…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-13 Hui Xie , Weiyu Xu , Xiaodong Wu

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), a leading cause of vision impairment, requires early detection and treatment. Developing robust AI models for DR classification holds substantial potential, but a key challenge is ensuring their generalization in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Sanoojan Baliah , Fadillah A. Maani , Santosh Sanjeev , Muhammad Haris Khan