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We introduce a class of random graphs that we argue meets many of the desiderata one would demand of a model to serve as the foundation for a statistical analysis of real-world networks. The class of random graphs is defined by a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-12-11 Victor Veitch , Daniel M. Roy

The motivation for extending secret sharing schemes to cases when either the set of players is infinite or the domain from which the secret and/or the shares are drawn is infinite or both, is similar to the case when switching to abstract…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-10-29 Alexander Dibert , László Csirmaz

A standard assumption in machine learning is the exchangeability of data, which is equivalent to assuming that the examples are generated from the same probability distribution independently. This paper is devoted to testing the assumption…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-06-29 Valentina Fedorova , Alex Gammerman , Ilia Nouretdinov , Vladimir Vovk

We develop nonlinear renewal theorems for a perturbed random walk without assuming stochastic boundedness of centered perturbation terms. A second order expansion of the expected stopping time is obtained via the uniform integrability of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Keiji Nagai , Cun-Hui Zhang

Nonlinear complexity is an important measure for assessing the randomness of sequences. In this paper we investigate how circular shifts affect the nonlinear complexities of finite-length binary sequences and then reveal a more explicit…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Qin Yuan , Chunlei Li , Xiangyong Zeng , Tor Helleseth , Debiao He

We introduce the concept of an extremely negatively dependent (END) sequence of random variables with a given common marginal distribution. The END structure, as a new benchmark for negative dependence, is comparable to comonotonicity and…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-07-28 Bin Wang , Ruodu Wang

In the setting of nonstandard analysis we introduce the notion of flexible sequence. The terms of flexible sequences are external numbers. These are a sort of analogue for the classical \emph{O$ (\cdot ) $} and \emph{o$ (\cdot ) $} notation…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-09-17 Bruno Dinis , Tran Van Nam , Imme van den Berg

In this paper we mainly discuss sharp lower and upper bounds for the length of longest consecutive switches in IID Bernoulli sequences. This work is an extension of results in Erd\H{o}s and R\'{e}v\'{e}sz (1975) for longest head-run and Hao…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-01-19 Chen-Xu Hao , Ting Ma

This article studies the dynamics of a finite chain with infinite components. The equation which permits us to find the probability distribution of the chain length is constructed and analysed. This research is a continuation of paper…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-07-19 Elena V. Karachanskaya

Random access codes are an intriguing class of communication tasks that reveal an operational and quantitative difference between classical and quantum information processing. We formulate a natural generalization of random access codes and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-22 Teiko Heinosaari , Leevi Leppäjärvi

A distinction is sometimes made between "statistical" and "subjective" probabilities. This is based on a distinction between "unique" events and "repeatable" events. We argue that this distinction is untenable, since all events are "unique"…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-11 Henry E. Kyburg

We propose a notion of autoreducibility for infinite time computability and explore it and its connection with a notion of randomness for infinite time machines.

Logic · Mathematics 2014-02-06 Merlin Carl

Let (X_n) be a sequence of random variables (with values in a separable metric space) and (N_n) a sequence of random indices. Conditions for X_{N_n} to converge stably (in particular, in distribution) are provided. Some examples, where such…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-10-01 Patrizia Berti , Irene Crimaldi , Luca Pratelli , Pietro Rigo

The notion of uncertainty is of major importance in machine learning and constitutes a key element of machine learning methodology. In line with the statistical tradition, uncertainty has long been perceived as almost synonymous with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Eyke Hüllermeier , Willem Waegeman

In a wide range of complex networks, the links between the nodes are temporal and may sporadically appear and disappear. This temporality is fundamental to analyze the formation of paths within such networks. Moreover, the presence of the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-09-20 Shahriar Etemadi Tajbakhsh , Justin P. Coon , David E. Simmons

This paper examines the foundational concept of random variables in probability theory and statistical inference, demonstrating that their mathematical definition requires no reference to randomization or hypothetical repeated sampling. We…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2025-02-11 Paul W. Vos

In this paper, we investigate the structure of the most general kind of substitution shifts, including non-minimal ones, and allowing erasing morphisms. We prove the decidability of many properties of these morphisms with respect to the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-04-03 Marie-Pierre Béal , Dominique Perrin , Antonio Restivo

It has been shown that the conditional probability distributions obtained by performing measurements on an uncharacterized physical system can be used to infer its underlying dimension in a device-independent way both in the classical and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-01 Julio I. de Vicente

Current discrete randomness and information conservation inequalities are over total recursive functions, i.e. restricted to deterministic processing. This restriction implies that an algorithm can break algorithmic randomness conservation…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-10-15 Samuel Epstein

Let $K_n$ denote the number of distinct values among the first $n$ terms of an infinite exchangeable sequence of random variables $(X_1,X_2,\ldots)$. We prove for $n=3$ that the extreme points of the convex set of all possible laws of $K_3$…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-03-16 Theodore Zhu