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Data privacy and silos are nontrivial and greatly challenging in many real-world applications. Federated learning is a decentralized approach to training models across multiple local clients without the exchange of raw data from client…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Xin Yang , Hao Yu , Xin Gao , Hao Wang , Junbo Zhang , Tianrui Li

Large language models (LLMs) can adapt to new tasks via in-context learning (ICL) without parameter updates, making them powerful learning engines for fast adaptation. While extensive research has examined ICL as a few-shot learner, whether…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Liuwang Kang , Fan Wang , Shaoshan Liu , Hung-Chyun Chou , Chuan Lin , Ning Ding

General continual learning (GCL) is a broad concept to describe real-world continual learning (CL) problems, which are often characterized by online data streams without distinct transitions between tasks, i.e., blurry task boundaries. Such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Zhiqi Kang , Liyuan Wang , Xingxing Zhang , Karteek Alahari

Continual Learning (CL) is the research field addressing learning without forgetting when the data distribution is not static. This paper studies spurious features' influence on continual learning algorithms. We show that continual learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Timothée Lesort

Foundation models have transformed machine learning through large-scale pretraining and increased test-time compute. Despite surpassing human performance in several domains, these models remain fundamentally limited in continuous operation,…

Continual learning (CL) refers to the ability to continually learn over time by accommodating new knowledge while retaining previously learned experience. While this concept is inherent in human learning, current machine learning methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Anna Vettoruzzo , Joaquin Vanschoren , Mohamed-Rafik Bouguelia , Thorsteinn Rögnvaldsson

Online continual learning (CL) studies the problem of learning continuously from a single-pass data stream while adapting to new data and mitigating catastrophic forgetting. Recently, by storing a small subset of old data, replay-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Yujie Wei , Jiaxin Ye , Zhizhong Huang , Junping Zhang , Hongming Shan

We propose and study a realistic Continual Learning (CL) setting where learning algorithms are granted a restricted computational budget per time step while training. We apply this setting to large-scale semi-supervised Continual Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Wenxuan Zhang , Youssef Mohamed , Bernard Ghanem , Philip H. S. Torr , Adel Bibi , Mohamed Elhoseiny

Despite continual learning's long and well-established academic history, its application in real-world scenarios remains rather limited. This paper contends that this gap is attributable to a misalignment between the actual challenges of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Theodora Kontogianni , Yuanwen Yue , Siyu Tang , Konrad Schindler

In Continual Learning (CL), a model is required to learn a stream of tasks sequentially without significant performance degradation on previously learned tasks. Current approaches fail for a long sequence of tasks from diverse domains and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Iordanis Fostiropoulos , Jiaye Zhu , Laurent Itti

In continual learning (CL), a learner is faced with a sequence of tasks, arriving one after the other, and the goal is to remember all the tasks once the continual learning experience is finished. The prior art in CL uses episodic memory,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Arslan Chaudhry , Naeemullah Khan , Puneet K. Dokania , Philip H. S. Torr

User modeling in large e-commerce platforms aims to optimize user experiences by incorporating various customer activities. Traditional models targeting a single task often focus on specific business metrics, neglecting the comprehensive…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Mingdai Yang , Fan Yang , Yanhui Guo , Shaoyuan Xu , Tianchen Zhou , Yetian Chen , Simone Shao , Jia Liu , Yan Gao

Standard artificial neural networks suffer from the well-known issue of catastrophic forgetting, making continual or lifelong learning difficult for machine learning. In recent years, numerous methods have been proposed for continual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Gido M. van de Ven , Andreas S. Tolias

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a multi-discipline research task. To produce the right answer, it requires an understanding of the visual content of images, the natural language questions, as well as commonsense reasoning over the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Yao Zhang , Haokun Chen , Ahmed Frikha , Yezi Yang , Denis Krompass , Gengyuan Zhang , Jindong Gu , Volker Tresp

Continual learning (CL) presents a fundamental challenge in training neural networks on sequential tasks without experiencing catastrophic forgetting. Traditionally, the dominant approach in CL has been gradient-based optimization, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Grzegorz Rypeść

Predictive learning ideally builds the world model of physical processes in one or more given environments. Typical setups assume that we can collect data from all environments at all times. In practice, however, different prediction tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Geng Chen , Wendong Zhang , Han Lu , Siyu Gao , Yunbo Wang , Mingsheng Long , Xiaokang Yang

Continual Learning (CL) is essential for enabling self-evolving large language models (LLMs) to adapt and remain effective amid rapid knowledge growth. Yet, despite its importance, little attention has been given to establishing statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Xiaofan Zhou , Lu Cheng

Learning new tasks continuously without forgetting on a constantly changing data distribution is essential for real-world problems but extremely challenging for modern deep learning. In this work we propose HCL, a Hybrid…

We introduce a lifelong imitation learning framework that enables continual policy refinement across sequential tasks under realistic memory and data constraints. Our approach departs from conventional experience replay by operating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Fanqi Yu , Matteo Tiezzi , Tommaso Apicella , Cigdem Beyan , Vittorio Murino

Continual learning aims to learn new tasks without forgetting previously learned ones. We hypothesize that representations learned to solve each task in a sequence have a shared structure while containing some task-specific properties. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Sayna Ebrahimi , Franziska Meier , Roberto Calandra , Trevor Darrell , Marcus Rohrbach