Related papers: A 58-Addition, Rank-23 Scheme for General 3x3 Matr…
We present a rank-$23$ algorithm for general $3\times3$ matrix multiplication that uses $56$ additions/subtractions and $23$ multiplications, for a total of $79$ scalar operations in the standard bilinear straight-line model. This improves…
We reduce the additive cost of general (non-commutative) 3x3 matrix multiplication from the previous records of 61 (Schwartz-Vaknin, 2023) and 62 (Martensson-Wagner, 2025) to 60 without a change of basis. To our knowledge, this represents a…
In 1969 Strassen showed surprisingly that it is possible to multiply two 2 x 2 matrices using seven multiplications and 18 additions, instead of the naive eight multiplications and four additions. The number of additions was later reduced…
One of the most famous conjectures in computer algebra is that matrix multiplication might be feasible in not much more than quadratic time. The best known exponent is 2.376, due to Coppersmith and Winograd. Many attempts to solve this…
We explore new approaches for finding matrix multiplication algorithms in the commutative setting by adapting the flip graph technique: a method previously shown to be effective for discovering fast algorithms in the non-commutative case.…
It is known since the 1970s that no more than 23 multiplications are required for computing the product of two 3 x 3-matrices. It is not known whether this can also be done with fewer multiplications. However, there are several mutually…
Matrix multiplication optimization remains a fundamental challenge in computational mathematics. This work introduces a novel approach that discovers matrix multiplication schemes whose coefficients are restricted to the set $\{-1, 0, 1\}$…
An open-source C++ framework for discovering fast matrix multiplication schemes using the flip graph approach is presented. The framework supports multiple coefficient rings -- binary ($\mathbb{Z}_2$), modular ternary ($\mathbb{Z}_3$) and…
We give explicit low-rank bilinear non-commutative schemes for multiplying structured $n \times n$ matrices with $2 \leq n \leq 5$, which serve as building blocks for recursive algorithms with improved multiplicative factors in asymptotic…
This paper presents a parallel random-search method for reducing additive complexity in fast matrix multiplication algorithms with ternary coefficients $\{-1,0,1\}$. The approach replaces expensive exact evaluation with fast heuristic…
Laderman discovered a scheme for computing the product of two 3x3 matrices using only 23 multiplications in 1976. Since then, some more such schemes were proposed, but it remains open how many there are and whether there exist schemes with…
We show that the product of an nx3 matrix and a 3x3 matrix over a commutative ring can be computed using 6n+3 multiplications. For two 3x3 matrices this gives us an algorithm using 21 multiplications. This is an improvement with respect to…
The flip graph algorithm is a method for discovering new matrix multiplication schemes by following random walks on a graph. We introduce a version of the flip graph algorithm for matrix multiplication schemes that admit certain symmetries.…
The quest for non-commutative matrix multiplication algorithms in small dimensions has seen a lot of recent improvements recently. In particular, the number of scalar multiplications required to multiply two $4\times4$ matrices was first…
One of prospective ways to find new fast algorithms of matrix multiplication is to study algorithms admitting nontrivial symmetries. In the work possible algorithms for multiplication of $3\times3$ matrices, admitting a certain group $G$…
Matrix multiplication consumes a large fraction of the time taken in many machine-learning algorithms. Thus, accelerator chips that perform matrix multiplication faster than conventional processors or even GPU's are of increasing interest.…
This is the second in a series of papers on rank decompositions of the matrix multiplication tensor. We present new rank $23$ decompositions for the $3\times 3$ matrix multiplication tensor $M_{\langle 3\rangle}$. All our decompositions…
This study proposes the "adaptive flip graph algorithm", which combines adaptive searches with the flip graph algorithm for finding fast and efficient methods for matrix multiplication. The adaptive flip graph algorithm addresses the…
It is proved that there is no an algorithm for multiplication of $3\times3$ matrices of multiplicative length $\leq23$ that is invariant under a certain group isomorphic to $S_4\times S_3$. The proof makes use of description of the orbits…
We show how to construct highly symmetric algorithms for matrix multiplication. In particular, we consider algorithms which decompose the matrix multiplication tensor into a sum of rank-1 tensors, where the decomposition itself consists of…