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Thermal cameras offer strong potential for robot perception under challenging illumination and weather conditions. However, thermal Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) remains difficult due to unreliable feature extraction,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Zeyu Jiang , Kuan Xu , Changhao Chen

A fundamental challenge in autonomous driving is the integration of high-level, semantic reasoning for long-tail events with low-level, reactive control for robust driving. While large vision-language models (VLMs) trained on web-scale data…

Vision-language-action models (VLAs) trained on large-scale robotic datasets have demonstrated strong performance on manipulation tasks, including bimanual tasks. However, because most public datasets focus on single-arm demonstrations,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Hokyun Im , Euijin Jeong , Andrey Kolobov , Jianlong Fu , Youngwoon Lee

We present Vision-based Navigation with Language-based Assistance (VNLA), a grounded vision-language task where an agent with visual perception is guided via language to find objects in photorealistic indoor environments. The task emulates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Khanh Nguyen , Debadeepta Dey , Chris Brockett , Bill Dolan

Achieving truly adaptive embodied intelligence requires agents that learn not just by imitating static demonstrations, but by continuously improving through environmental interaction, which is akin to how humans master skills through…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Zechen Bai , Chen Gao , Mike Zheng Shou

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a powerful framework that unifies perception, language, and control, enabling robots to perform diverse tasks through multimodal understanding. However, current VLA models typically…

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) achieve strong performance on spatial question answering benchmarks, yet it remains unclear whether such gains reflect genuine spatial intelligence. We show that existing spatial VLMs lack basic camera motion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Hsiang-Wei Huang , Junbin Lu , Kuang-Ming Chen , Jianxu Shangguan , Cheng-Yen Yang , Jenq-Neng Hwang

Vision-language-action (VLA) models for closed-loop robot control are typically cast under the Markov assumption, making them prone to errors on tasks requiring historical context. To incorporate memory, existing VLAs either retrieve from a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Hang Li , Fengyi Shen , Dong Chen , Liudi Yang , Xudong Wang , Jinkui Shi , Zhenshan Bing , Ziyuan Liu , Alois Knoll

We introduce OG-VLA, a novel architecture and learning framework that combines the generalization strengths of Vision Language Action models (VLAs) with the robustness of 3D-aware policies. We address the challenge of mapping natural…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Ishika Singh , Ankit Goyal , Stan Birchfield , Dieter Fox , Animesh Garg , Valts Blukis

Image segmentation is a fundamental task in computer vision, aimed at partitioning an image into semantically meaningful regions. Referring image segmentation extends this task by using natural language expressions to localize specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Alaa Dalaq , Muzammil Behzad

Vision-language-action models (VLAs) have shown potential in leveraging pretrained vision-language models and diverse robot demonstrations for learning generalizable sensorimotor control. While this paradigm effectively utilizes large-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Qingqing Zhao , Yao Lu , Moo Jin Kim , Zipeng Fu , Zhuoyang Zhang , Yecheng Wu , Zhaoshuo Li , Qianli Ma , Song Han , Chelsea Finn , Ankur Handa , Ming-Yu Liu , Donglai Xiang , Gordon Wetzstein , Tsung-Yi Lin

Stereo matching is a key technique for metric depth estimation in computer vision and robotics. Real-world challenges like occlusion and non-texture hinder accurate disparity estimation from binocular matching cues. Recently, monocular…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Hualie Jiang , Zhiqiang Lou , Laiyan Ding , Rui Xu , Minglang Tan , Wenjie Jiang , Rui Huang

Existing aerial Vision-Language Navigation (VLN) methods predominantly adopt a detection-and-planning pipeline, which converts open-vocabulary detections into discrete textual scene graphs. These approaches are plagued by inadequate spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Haoyu Tong , Xiangyu Dong , Xiaoguang Ma , Haoran Zhao , Yaoming Zhou , Chenghao Lin

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are promising for generalist robot manipulation but remain brittle in out-of-distribution (OOD) settings, especially with limited real-robot data. To resolve the generalization bottleneck, we introduce a…

Vision-language-action (VLA) models hold promise as generalist robotics solutions by translating visual and linguistic inputs into robot actions, yet they lack reliability due to their black-box nature and sensitivity to environmental…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Hong Lu , Hengxu Li , Prithviraj Singh Shahani , Stephanie Herbers , Matthias Scheutz

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models offer promising capabilities for autonomous driving through multimodal understanding. However, their utilization in safety-critical scenarios is constrained by inherent limitations, including imprecise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yiru Wang , Zichong Gu , Yu Gao , Anqing Jiang , Zhigang Sun , Shuo Wang , Yuwen Heng , Hao Sun

The sparse coding algorithm has served as a model for early processing in mammalian vision. It has been assumed that the brain uses sparse coding to exploit statistical properties of the sensory stream. We hypothesize that sparse coding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Gerrit A. Ecke , Harald M. Papp , Hanspeter A. Mallot

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown strong vision-language reasoning abilities but still lack robust 3D spatial understanding, which is critical for autonomous driving. This limitation stems from two key challenges: (1) the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Ruixun Liu , Lingyu Kong , Derun Li , Hang Zhao

Vision-language-action (VLA) models represent a promising direction for developing general-purpose robotic systems, demonstrating the ability to combine visual understanding, language comprehension, and action generation. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Pranav Guruprasad , Harshvardhan Sikka , Jaewoo Song , Yangyue Wang , Paul Pu Liang

Despite impressive performance for high-level downstream tasks, self-supervised pre-training methods have not yet fully delivered on dense geometric vision tasks such as stereo matching or optical flow. The application of self-supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Philippe Weinzaepfel , Thomas Lucas , Vincent Leroy , Yohann Cabon , Vaibhav Arora , Romain Brégier , Gabriela Csurka , Leonid Antsfeld , Boris Chidlovskii , Jérôme Revaud