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We consider the execution of smart contracts on Bitcoin. There, every contract step corresponds to appending to the blockchain a new transaction that spends the output representing the old contract state, creating a new one for the updated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Dario Maddaloni , Riccardo Marchesin , Roberto Zunino

In this paper, we provide a novel dynamic decision method of blockchain selfish mining by applying the sensitivity-based optimization theory. Our aim is to find the optimal dynamic blockchain-pegged policy of the dishonest mining pool. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Jing-Yu Ma , Quan-Lin Li

Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) has emerged as a new frontier in the design of blockchain systems. In this paper, we propose making the MEV extraction rate as part of the protocol design space. Our aim is to leverage this parameter to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Pedro Braga , Georgios Chionas , Piotr Krysta , Stefanos Leonardos , Georgios Piliouras , Carmine Ventre

The functioning of the cryptocurrency Bitcoin relies on the open availability of the entire history of its transactions. This makes it a particularly interesting socio-economic system to analyse from the point of view of network science.…

The increasing adoption of cryptocurrencies has significantly amplified the resource requirements for operating full nodes, creating substantial barriers to entry. Unlike miners, who are financially incentivized through block rewards and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Hina Binte Haq , Syed Taha Ali , Asad Salman , Patrick McCorry , Siamak F. Shahandashti

We design TimeBoost: a practical transaction ordering policy for rollup sequencers that takes into account both transaction timestamps and bids; it works by creating a score from timestamps and bids, and orders transactions based on this…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Akaki Mamageishvili , Mahimna Kelkar , Jan Christoph Schlegel , Edward W. Felten

Transaction Fee Mechanism Design studies auctions run by untrusted miners for transaction inclusion in a blockchain. Under previously-considered desiderata, an auction is considered `good' if, informally-speaking, each party (i.e., the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Aadityan Ganesh , Clayton Thomas , S. Matthew Weinberg

Blockchain technology, with implications in the financial domain, offers data in the form of large-scale transaction networks. Analyzing transaction networks facilitates fraud detection, market analysis, and supports government regulation.…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Junliang Luo , Xue Liu

For preserving privacy, blockchains can be equipped with dedicated mechanisms to anonymize participants. However, these mechanism often take only the abstraction layer of blockchains into account whereas observations of the underlying…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-07-31 David Mödinger , Henning Kopp , Frank Kargl , Franz J. Hauck

Distributed ledger systems, such as blockchains, rely on consensus protocols that commit ordered messages for processing. In practice, message ordering within these systems is often reward-driven. This raises concerns about fairness,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Zhuolun Li , Evangelos Pournaras

Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) has become a significant incentive on blockchain networks, referring to the value captured through the manipulation of transaction execution order and strategic issuance of profit-generation transactions. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Burak Öz , Filip Rezabek , Jonas Gebele , Felix Hoops , Florian Matthes

Blockchain-based cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, have seen on the rise in their popularity and value, making them a target to several forms of Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks, and calling for a better understanding of their attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Muhammad Saad , Joongheon Kim , DaeHun Nyang , David Mohaisen

Transaction fee prediction in Bitcoin's ecosystem represents a crucial challenge affecting both user costs and miner revenue optimization. This study presents a systematic evaluation of six predictive models for forecasting Bitcoin…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Jiangqin Ma , Erfan Mahmoudinia

On high-throughput, low-fee blockchains, a qualitatively new form of maximal extractable value (MEV) has emerged: searchers submit large volumes of speculative transactions, whose profitability is resolved only at execution time. We refer…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Wenhao Wang , Aditya Saraf , Lioba Heimbach , Kushal Babel , Fan Zhang

Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) is a rapidly proliferating e-commerce model, offering consumers to get the product immediately and defer payments. Meanwhile, emerging blockchain technologies endow BNPL platforms with digital currency transactions,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Weijie Wang , Jinwen Liang , Chuan Zhang , Ximeng Liu , Liehuang Zhu , Song Guo

Ethereum's Gas mechanism attempts to set transaction fees in accordance with the computational cost of transaction execution: a cost borne by default by every node on the network to ensure correct smart contract execution. Gas encourages…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-03 Renlord Yang , Toby Murray , Paul Rimba , Udaya Parampalli

Public blockchains have spurred the growing popularity of decentralized transactions and smart contracts, but they exhibit limitations on the transaction throughput, storage, and computation. To avoid transaction gridlock, public…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Nikolay Ivanov , Qiben Yan , Qingyang Wang

In this paper, we study an investor's optimal entry and exit decisions in a liquid staking protocol (LSP) and an automated market maker (AMM), primarily from the standpoint of the investor. Our analysis focuses on two key investor actions:…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-12-10 Ruofei Ma , Zhebiao Cai , Wenpin Tang , David Yao

We study the following problem that is motivated by Blockchains where ``miners'' are serially given the monopoly for assembling transactions into the next block. Our model has a single good that is sold repeatedly every day where new demand…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Noam Nisan

Blockchain solutions typically assume a synchronous network to ensure consistency and achieve consensus. In contrast, offline transaction systems aim to enable users to agree on and execute transactions without assuming bounded…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Nektarios Evangelou , Rowdy Chotkan , Bulat Nasrulin , Jérémie Decouchant