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Von Neumann architecture based computers isolate/physically separate computation and storage units i.e. data is shuttled between computation unit (processor) and memory unit to realize logic/ arithmetic and storage functions. This…

In this paper, we ask: what truly determines the effectiveness of RL training data for enhancing language models' reasoning capabilities? While recent advances like o1, Deepseek R1, and Kimi1.5 demonstrate RL's potential, the lack of…

Gliomas are aggressive brain tumors that require accurate imaging-based diagnosis, with segmentation playing a critical role in evaluating morphology and treatment decisions. Manual delineation of gliomas is time-consuming and prone to…

A tomographic technique called full-waveform inversion has recently shown promise as a fast, affordable, and safe modality to image the brain using ultrasound. However, its high computational cost and memory footprint currently limit its…

Training Memory-based transformers can require a large amount of memory and can be quite inefficient. We propose a novel two-phase training mechanism and a novel regularization technique to improve the training efficiency of memory-based…

Salient Object Detection (SOD) methods can locate objects that stand out in an image, assign higher values to their pixels in a saliency map, and binarize the map outputting a predicted segmentation mask. A recent tendency is to investigate…

This paper explores training medical vision-language models (VLMs) -- where the visual and language inputs are embedded into a common space -- with a particular focus on scenarios where training data is limited, as is often the case in…

Purpose: The goal of this work was to develop a deep network for whole-head segmentation including clinical MRIs with abnormal anatomy, and compile the first public benchmark dataset for this purpose. We collected 98 MRIs with volumetric…

The deployment of artificial intelligence in medical imaging is hindered by high computational complexity and resource-intensive processing of volumetric data. Although chest computed tomography (CT) volumes offer richer diagnostic…

Accurate morphometric assessment of cartilage-such as thickness/volume-via MRI is essential for monitoring knee osteoarthritis. Segmenting cartilage remains challenging and dependent on extensive expert-annotated datasets, which are heavily…

Medical vision-language models enable co-learning and integrating features from medical imaging and clinical text. However, these models are not easy to train and the latent representation space can be complex. Here we propose a novel way…

While Hybrid Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) followed by Reinforcement Learning (RL) has become the standard paradigm for training LLM agents, effective mechanisms for data allocation between these stages remain largely underexplored. Current…

We introduce Projection-based Reduction of Implicit Spurious bias in vision-language Models (PRISM), a new data-free and task-agnostic solution for bias mitigation in VLMs like CLIP. VLMs often inherit and amplify biases in their training…

Brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and brain tumors, present profound challenges due to their complexity and societal impact. Recent advancements in brain foundation models have shown significant promise in addressing a range of…

The emergence of foundation models in computational pathology has transformed histopathological image analysis, with whole slide imaging (WSI) diagnosis being a core application. Traditionally, weakly supervised fine-tuning via multiple…

Interpretability methods for large language models (LLMs) typically derive directions from textual supervision, which can lack external grounding. We propose using human brain activity not as a training signal but as a coordinate system for…

We propose a novel feature re-identification method for real-time visual-inertial SLAM. The front-end module of the state-of-the-art visual-inertial SLAM methods (e.g. visual feature extraction and matching schemes) relies on feature tracks…

In this work, we propose a modeling procedure for fMRI data analysis using a Bayesian Matrix-Variate Dynamic Linear Model (MVDLM). With this type of model, less complex than the more traditional temporal-spatial models, we are able to take…

Accurate fMRI analysis requires sensitivity to temporal structure across multiple scales, as BOLD signals encode cognitive processes that emerge from fast transient dynamics to slower, large-scale fluctuations. Existing deep learning (DL)…

Foundation models in artificial intelligence (AI) are transforming medical imaging by enabling general-purpose feature learning from large-scale, unlabeled datasets. In this work, we introduce BrainFound, a self-supervised foundation model…