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The ternary Golay code -- one of the first and most beautiful classical error-correcting codes discovered -- naturally gives rise to an 11-qutrit quantum error correcting code. We apply this code to magic state distillation, a leading…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-07 Shiroman Prakash

In this work we improve the runtime of recent classical algorithms for strong simulation of quantum circuits composed of Clifford and T gates. The improvement is obtained by establishing a new upper bound on the stabilizer rank of $m$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-22 Hammam Qassim , Hakop Pashayan , David Gosset

Magic state distillation and the Shor factoring algorithm make essential use of logical diagonal gates. We introduce a method of synthesizing CSS codes that realize a target logical diagonal gate at some level $l$ in the Clifford hierarchy.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-28 Jingzhen Hu , Qingzhong Liang , Robert Calderbank

Magic state distillation plays an important role in universal fault-tolerant quantum computing, and its overhead is one of the major obstacles to realizing fault-tolerant quantum computers. Hence, many studies have been conducted to reduce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Yutaka Hirano , Tomohiro Itogawa , Keisuke Fujii

Quantum resource distillation is a fundamental task in quantum information science and technology. Minimizing the overhead of distillation is crucial for the realization of quantum computation and other technologies. Here we explicitly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Kun Fang , Zi-Wen Liu

We find a scaling reduction in the stabilizer rank of the twelve-qubit tensored $T$ gate magic state. This lowers its asymptotic bound to $2^{\sim 0.463 t}$ for multi-Pauli measurements on $t$ magic states, improving over the best…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-08 Lucas Kocia

We describe a method to use measurements and correction operations in order to implement the Clifford group in a stabilizer code, generalising a result from [Bombin,2011] for topological subsystem colour codes. In subsystem stabilizer codes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-10 Darren Banfield , Heather Leitch , Alastair Kay

In a model of fault-tolerant quantum computation with quick and noiseless polyloglog-time auxiliary classical computation, we construct a fault tolerance protocol with constant-space and $\widetilde{O}(\log N)$-time overhead, where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-15 Quynh T. Nguyen , Christopher A. Pattison

We propose a novel, distillation-free scheme for the fault-tolerant implementation of non-Clifford gates at the logical level, thereby completing the universal gate set. Our approach exploits generalized lattice surgery to integrate two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Yifei Wang , Yingfei Gu

For certain quantum architectures and algorithms, most of the required resources are consumed during the distillation of one-qubit magic states for use in performing Toffoli gates. I show that the overhead for magic-state distillation can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-27 Bryan Eastin

I reduce the cost to prepare magic states with lattice surgery operations on the surface code by using a recursive implementation of 15-to-1 magic state distillation. On a rotated surface code with distance $d$, $|T\rangle$ preparation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Jonathan E. Moussa

Topological color codes defined by the 4.8.8 semiregular lattice feature geometrically local check operators and admit transversal implementation of the entire Clifford group, making them promising candidates for fault-tolerant quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-14 Ashley M. Stephens

As quantum computing progresses towards the early fault-tolerant regime, quantum error correction will play a crucial role in protecting qubits and enabling logical Clifford operations. However, the number of logical qubits will initially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-11 Surabhi Luthra , Alexandra E. Moylett , Dan E. Browne , Earl T. Campbell

We introduce magic-augmented Clifford circuits -- architectures in which Clifford circuits are preceded and/or followed by constant-depth circuits of non-Clifford (``magic") gates -- as a resource-efficient way to realize approximate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Yuzhen Zhang , Sagar Vijay , Yingfei Gu , Yimu Bao

Distinct Clifford orbits of magic states can exhibit different stabilizer ranks at small tensor powers. We establish this for qutrits, where the single-qutrit Clifford group has four inequivalent orbits of magic states: Strange, Norrell,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Farrokh Labib , Vincent Russo

We introduce a low-overhead approach for detecting errors in arbitrary Clifford circuits on arbitrary qubit connectivities. Our method is based on the framework of spacetime codes, and is particularly suited to near-term hardware since it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-23 Simon Martiel , Ali Javadi-Abhari

We identify a novel qudit gate which we call the $\sqrt[d]{Z}$ gate. This is an alternate generalization of the qutrit $T$ gate to any odd prime dimension $d$, in the $d^{\text{th}}$ level of the Clifford hierarchy. Using this gate which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-22 Lia Yeh

Color codes are promising quantum error correction (QEC) codes because they have an advantage over surface codes in that all Clifford gates can be implemented transversally. However, thresholds of color codes under circuit-level noise are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-18 Yugo Takada , Keisuke Fujii

Prevailing proposals for the first generation of quantum computers make use of 2-level systems, or qubits, as the fundamental unit of quantum information. However, recent innovations in quantum error correction and magic state distillation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-18 Luke E. Heyfron , Earl Campbell

Estimating and reducing the overhead of fault tolerance (FT) schemes is a crucial step toward realizing scalable quantum computers. Of particular interest are schemes based on two-dimensional (2D) topological codes such as the surface and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-23 Michael E. Beverland , Aleksander Kubica , Krysta M. Svore
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