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Effective speech representations for spoken language models must balance semantic relevance with acoustic fidelity for high-quality reconstruction. However, existing approaches struggle to achieve both simultaneously. To address this, we…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-03 Amir Hussein , Sameer Khurana , Gordon Wichern , Francois G. Germain , Jonathan Le Roux

In bandwidth-constrained communication such as satellite and underwater channels, speech must often be transmitted at ultra-low bitrates where intelligibility is the primary objective. At such extreme compression levels, codecs trained with…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Junyi Wang , Chi Zhang , Jing Qian , Haifeng Luo , Hao Wang , Zengrui Jin , Chao Zhang

Speech coding facilitates the transmission of speech over low-bandwidth networks with minimal distortion. Neural-network based speech codecs have recently demonstrated significant improvements in quality over traditional approaches. While…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Ali Siahkoohi , Michael Chinen , Tom Denton , W. Bastiaan Kleijn , Jan Skoglund

In this paper, we propose a personalized neural speech codec, envisioning that personalization can reduce the model complexity or improve perceptual speech quality. Despite the common usage of speech codecs where only a single talker is…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Inseon Jang , Haici Yang , Wootaek Lim , Seungkwon Beack , Minje Kim

Neural audio codecs have recently enabled high-fidelity reconstruction at high compression rates, especially for speech. However, speech and non-speech audio exhibit fundamentally different spectral characteristics: speech energy…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-11 Haoran Wang , Jiatong Shi , Jinchuan Tian , Bohan Li , Kai Yu , Shinji Watanabe

Automated audio captioning (AAC) has developed rapidly in recent years, involving acoustic signal processing and natural language processing to generate human-readable sentences for audio clips. The current models are generally based on the…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Zhongjie Ye , Helin Wang , Dongchao Yang , Yuexian Zou

In bandwidth-constrained communication such as satellite and underwater channels, speech must often be transmitted at ultra-low bitrates where intelligibility is the primary objective. At such extreme compression levels, codecs trained with…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Junyi Wang , Chi Zhang , Jing Qian , Haifeng Luo , Hao Wang , Zengrui Jin , Chao Zhang

While recent neural codecs achieve strong performance at low bitrates when optimized for perceptual quality, their effectiveness deteriorates significantly under ultra-low bitrate conditions. To mitigate this, generative compression methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Chuqin Zhou , Xiaoyue Ling , Yunuo Chen , Jincheng Dai , Guo Lu , Wenjun Zhang

In order to efficiently transmit and store speech signals, speech codecs create a minimally redundant representation of the input signal which is then decoded at the receiver with the best possible perceptual quality. In this work we…

High-fidelity general audio compression at ultra-low bitrates is crucial for applications ranging from low-bandwidth communication to generative audio-language modeling. Traditional audio compression methods and contemporary neural codecs…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-03 Hao Ma , Ruihao Jing , Shansong Liu , Cheng Gong , Chi Zhang , Xiao-Lei Zhang , Xuelong Li

Ultra-low-bitrate speech coding is pivotal for bandwidth-constrained communication and deep compression, yet maintaining naturalness and speaker identity at such extreme bit budgets remains challenging due to pronounced information loss and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-26 Hui-Peng Du , Yang Ai , Xiao-Hang Jiang , Yuan Tian , Zhen-Hua Ling

Neural audio codec tokens serve as the fundamental building blocks for speech language model (SLM)-based speech generation. However, there is no systematic understanding on how the codec system affects the speech generation performance of…

Neural speech codecs excel in reconstructing clean speech signals; however, their efficacy in complex acoustic environments and downstream signal processing tasks remains underexplored. In this study, we introduce a novel benchmark named…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Haoran Wang , Guanyu Chen , Bohan Li , Hankun Wang , Yiwei Guo , Zhihan Li , Xie Chen , Kai Yu

In this work, we address the challenge of encoding speech captured by a microphone array using deep learning techniques with the aim of preserving and accurately reconstructing crucial spatial cues embedded in multi-channel recordings. We…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Zhongweiyang Xu , Yong Xu , Vinay Kothapally , Heming Wang , Muqiao Yang , Dong Yu

The residual vector quantization (RVQ) technique plays a central role in recent advances in neural audio codecs. These models effectively synthesize high-fidelity audio from a limited number of codes due to the hierarchical structure among…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-24 Hyeongju Kim , Junhyeok Lee , Jacob Morton , Juheon Lee , Jinhyeok Yang

This paper considers the joint compression and enhancement problem for speech signal in the presence of noise. Recently, the SoundStream codec, which relies on end-to-end joint training of an encoder-decoder pair and a residual vector…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jiayi Huang , Zeyu Yan , Wenbin Jiang , He Wang , Fei Wen

Discrete audio tokens have recently gained considerable attention for their potential to bridge audio and language processing, enabling multimodal language models that can both generate and understand audio. However, preserving key…

Semantic communications has received growing interest since it can remarkably reduce the amount of data to be transmitted without missing critical information. Most existing works explore the semantic encoding and transmission for text and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Danlan Huang , Feifei Gao , Xiaoming Tao , Qiyuan Du , Jianhua Lu

This paper presents FunCodec, a fundamental neural speech codec toolkit, which is an extension of the open-source speech processing toolkit FunASR. FunCodec provides reproducible training recipes and inference scripts for the latest neural…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Zhihao Du , Shiliang Zhang , Kai Hu , Siqi Zheng

Discrete audio representations, termed audio tokens, are broadly categorized into semantic and acoustic tokens, typically generated through unsupervised tokenization of continuous audio representations. However, their applicability to…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Jingguang Tian , Haoqin Sun , Xinhui Hu , Xinkang Xu