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Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as an effective technique for compressing large models and accelerating inference without retraining. While PTQ has been extensively studied in large language models (LLMs), its application to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yufei Xue , Yushi Huang , Jiawei Shao , Lunjie Zhu , Chi Zhang , Xuelong Li , Jun Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, their deployment is challenging due to the substantial computational resources required. Power-of-two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Xinyu Wang , Vahid Partovi Nia , Peng Lu , Jerry Huang , Xiao-Wen Chang , Boxing Chen , Yufei Cui

Post-training quantization (PTQ) offers an efficient approach to compressing large language models (LLMs), significantly reducing memory access and computational costs. Existing compensation-based weight calibration methods often rely on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Xingyu Zheng , Haotong Qin , Yuye Li , Haoran Chu , Jiakai Wang , Jinyang Guo , Michele Magno , Xianglong Liu

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable performance but face substantial computational and memory challenges that limit their practical deployment. Quantization has emerged as a promising solution; however, its effectiveness is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Zijian Ye , Wei Huang , Yifei Yu , Tianhe Ren , Zhongrui Wang , Xiaojuan Qi

Quantizing the activations of large language models (LLMs) has been a significant challenge due to the presence of structured outliers. Most existing methods focus on the per-token or per-tensor quantization of activations, making it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Jinguang Wang , Yuexi Yin , Haifeng Sun , Qi Qi , Jingyu Wang , Zirui Zhuang , Tingting Yang , Jianxin Liao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been emerging as prominent AI models for solving many natural language tasks due to their high performance (e.g., accuracy) and capabilities in generating high-quality responses to the given inputs.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra , Pasindu Wickramasinghe , Muhammad Shafique

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has become an important technique for reducing the inference cost of Large Language Models (LLMs). While recent mixed-precision methods improve ultra-low bit quantization by preserving critical subspaces in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Zhe Ding , Su Pan , Duowei Pan

Large Language Models (LLMs) deliver strong performance but are difficult to deploy under tight memory and compute constraints. Low-bit post-training quantization (PTQ) is a promising direction; however, it typically relies on calibration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Xinzhe Zheng , Zhen-Qun Yang , Zishan Liu , Haoran Xie , S. Joe Qin , Arlene Chen , Fangzhen Lin

As the rapid scaling of large language models (LLMs) poses significant challenges for deployment on resource-constrained devices, there is growing interest in extremely low-bit quantization, such as 2-bit. Although prior works have shown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Jung Hyun Lee , Seungjae Shin , Vinnam Kim , Jaeseong You , An Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities but typically require extensive computational resources and memory for inference. Post-training quantization (PTQ) can effectively reduce these demands by storing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Xi Zhang , Xiaolin Wu , Jiamang Wang , Weisi Lin

Rotation-based Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a promising solution for mitigating activation outliers in the quantization of Large Language Models (LLMs). Global rotation methods achieve inference efficiency by fusing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Suyoung Kim , Sunghyun Wee , Hyeonjin Kim , Kyomin Hwang , Hyunho Lee , Nojun Kwak

Quantization is an effective technique to reduce the deployment cost of large language models (LLMs), and post-training quantization (PTQ) has been widely studied due to its efficiency. However, existing PTQ methods are limited by their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qitao Tan , Xiaoying Song , Jin Lu , Guoming Li , Jun Liu , Lingzi Hong , Caiwen Ding , Jundong Li , Xiaoming Zhai , Shaoyi Huang , Wei Niu , Geng Yuan

Although post-training quantization (PTQ) provides an efficient numerical compression scheme for deploying large language models (LLMs) on resource-constrained devices, the representativeness and universality of calibration data remain a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Haiyang Xiao , Weiqing Li , Jinyue Guo , Guochao Jiang , Guohua Liu , Yuewei Zhang

Post-training quantization (PTQ) techniques applied to weights, activations, and the KV cache greatly reduce memory usage, latency, and power consumption of Large Language Models (LLMs), but may lead to large quantization errors when…

Large language models can be quantized to reduce inference time latency, model size, and energy consumption, thereby delivering a better user experience at lower cost. A challenge exists to deliver quantized models with minimal loss of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Steven K. Esser , Jeffrey L. McKinstry , Deepika Bablani , Rathinakumar Appuswamy , Dharmendra S. Modha

Microscaling Floating-Point (MXFP) has emerged as a promising low-precision format for large language models (LLMs). Despite various post-training quantization (PTQ) algorithms being proposed, they mostly focus on integer quantization,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Manyi Zhang , Ji-Fu Li , Zhongao Sun , Haoli Bai , Hui-Ling Zhen , Zhenhua Dong , Xianzhi Yu

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) is essential for deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on memory-constrained devices, yet it renders models static and difficult to fine-tune. Standard fine-tuning paradigms, including Reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Yinggan Xu , Risto Miikkulainen , Xin Qiu

Layer-wise PTQ is a promising technique for compressing large language models (LLMs), due to its simplicity and effectiveness without requiring retraining. However, recent progress in this area is saturating, underscoring the need to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Yamato Arai , Yuma Ichikawa

Large language models (LLMs) are costly to deploy due to their large memory footprint and high inference cost. Weight-activation quantization can reduce these costs, but low-bit activation quantization remains difficult because activation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chayne Thrash , Ali Abbasi , Soheil Kolouri

This paper introduces a post-training quantization~(PTQ) method achieving highly efficient Convolutional Neural Network~ (CNN) quantization with high performance. Previous PTQ methods usually reduce compression error via performing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Chen Lin , Zheyang Li , Bo Peng , Haoji Hu , Wenming Tan , Ye Ren , Shiliang Pu