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Designing socially optimal policies in multi-agent environments is a fundamental challenge in both economics and artificial intelligence. This paper studies a general framework for learning Stackelberg equilibria in dynamic and uncertain…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-23 Jun He , Andrew L. Liu , Yihsu Chen

This paper studies a multi-period demand response management problem in the smart grid where multiple utility companies compete among themselves. The user-utility interactions are modeled by a noncooperative game of a Stackelberg type where…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-17 Khaled Alshehri , Ji Liu , Xudong Chen , Tamer Başar

The competitive nature of Cloud marketplaces as new concerns in delivery of services makes the pricing policies a crucial task for firms. so that, pricing strategies has recently attracted many researchers. Since game theory can handle such…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Safiye Ghasemi , Mohammad Reza Meybodi , Mehdi Dehghan Takht-Fooladi , Amir Masoud Rahmani

We study the dynamic pricing of discrete goods over a finite selling horizon. One way to capture both the elastic and stochastic reaction of purchases to price is through a model where sellers control the intensity of a counting process,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-23 Burak Aydin , Emre Parmaksiz , Ronnie Sircar

The problem of dynamic pricing of electricity in a retail market is considered. A Stackelberg game is used to model interactions between a retailer and its customers; the retailer sets the day-ahead hourly price of electricity and consumers…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-03-01 Liyan Jia , Lang Tong

This paper investigates a robust incentive Stackelberg stochastic differential game problem for a linear-quadratic mean field system, where the model uncertainty appears in the drift term of the leader's state equation. Moreover, both the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Na Xiang , Jingtao Shi

This paper proposes and studies a class of discrete-time finite-time-horizon Stackelberg mean-field games, with one leader and an infinite number of identical and indistinguishable followers. In this game, the objective of the leader is to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-11 Xin Guo , Anran Hu , Jiacheng Zhang

In this paper, we consider a discrete-time Stackelberg mean field game with a leader and an infinite number of followers. The leader and the followers each observe types privately that evolve as conditionally independent controlled Markov…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-21 Deepanshu Vasal , Randall Berry

Motivated by the emergence of local groundwater exchanges, we construct and analyze stochastic models of dynamic groundwater markets. Our primary focus is endogenizing the price formation and groundwater pumping strategies in a closed…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2026-05-27 Igor Cialenco , Michael Ludkovski

This paper focuses on multi-stage coordination for a population of thermostatically controlled loads (TCL). Each load maximizes the individual utility in response to an energy price, while the coordinator determines the price to maximize…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-08-09 Sen Li , Wei Zhang , Jianming Lian , Karanjit Kalsi

Motivated by models of epidemic control in large populations, we consider a Stackelberg mean field game model between a principal and a mean field of agents evolving on a finite state space. The agents play a non-cooperative game in which…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-26 Alexander Aurell , Rene Carmona , Gokce Dayanikli , Mathieu Lauriere

This paper is devoted to a high-dimensional mixed leadership stochastic differential game on a finite horizon in feedback information mode, where the control variables enter into the diffusion term of state equation. A verification theorem…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-28 Qi Huang , Jingtao Shi

This paper considers dynamic (multi-stage) signaling games involving an encoder and a decoder who have subjective models on the cost functions. We consider both Nash (simultaneous-move) and Stackelberg (leader-follower) equilibria of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-11 Serkan Sarıtaş , Serdar Yüksel , Sinan Gezici

Governments are motivated to subsidize profit-driven firms that manufacture zero-emission vehicles to ensure they become price-competitive. This paper introduces a dynamic Stackelberg game to determine the government's optimal subsidy…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Utsav Sadana , Georges Zaccour

In this paper, we establish a dynamic game to allocate CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) to the members of a supply chain. We propose a model of a three-tier supply chain in a decentralized state which includes a supplier, a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-06-23 Mehrnoosh Khademi , Massimiliano Ferrara , Mehdi Salimi , Somayeh Sharifi

In this work, a novel Stackelberg game theoretic framework is proposed for trading energy bidirectionally between the demand-response (DR) aggregator and the prosumers. This formulation allows for flexible energy arbitrage and additional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Styliani I. Kampezidou , Justin Romberg , Kyriakos G. Vamvoudakis , Dimitri N. Mavris

As e-commerce marketplaces continue to grow in popularity, it has become increasingly important to understand the role and impact of marketplace operators on competition and social welfare. We model a marketplace operator as an entity that…

In this paper, we propose a mean-field game model for the price formation of a commodity whose production is subjected to random fluctuations. The model generalizes existing deterministic price formation models. Agents seek to minimize…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-03-05 Diogo Gomes , Julian Gutierrez , Ricardo Ribeiro

Stackelberg games are a classic example of bilevel optimization problems, which are often encountered in game theory and economics. These are complex problems with a hierarchical structure, where one optimization task is nested within the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-07-25 Ankur Sinha , Pekka Malo , Anton Frantsev , Kalyanmoy Deb

In this paper, we establish a dynamic game to allocate CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) to the members of a supply chain. We propose a model of three-tier supply chain in decentralized state that is including supplier, manufacturer and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-03-17 Mehrnoosh Khademi , Massimiliano Ferrara , Bruno Pansera , Mehdi Salimi