Related papers: Expected star discrepancy based on stratified samp…
The star discrepancy $D_N^*(\mathcal{P})$ is a quantitative measure for the irregularity of distribution of a finite point set $\mathcal{P}$ in the multi-dimensional unit cube which is intimately related to the integration error of…
Modeling the rotation history of solar-type stars is still an unsolved problem in modern astrophysics. One of the main challenges is to explain the dispersion in the distribution of stellar rotation rate for young stars. Previous works have…
Differential rotation is central to a great many mysteries in stars and planets. In Part I we predicted the order of magnitude and scaling of the differential rotation in both hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic convection zones. Our…
Modelling isolated rotating stars at any rotation rate is a challenge for the next generation of stellar models. These models will couple dynamical aspects of rotating stars, like angular momentum and chemicals transport, with classical…
Randomized experiments are the gold standard for estimating treatment effects, and randomization serves as a reasoned basis for inference. In widely used stratified randomized experiments, randomization-based finite-population asymptotic…
Small-scale inhomogeneities, or `clumping', in the winds of hot, massive stars are conventionally included in spectral analyses by assuming optically thin clumps. To reconcile investigations of different diagnostics using this microclumping…
We investigate the stability of stars with a density discontinuity between a high-density core and a very low density mantle. Previous work on "strange dwarfs" suggested that such a discontinuity could stabilize stars that would have been…
We present new results on instabilities in rapidly and differentially rotating neutron stars. We model the stars in full general relativity and describe the stellar matter adopting a cold realistic equation of state based on the unified SLy…
Galactic scaling relations between the (surface densities of) the gas mass and the star formation (SF) rate are known to develop substantial scatter or even change form when considered below a certain spatial scale. We quantify how this…
The problem of non-iterative one-shot and non-destructive correction of unavoidable mistakes arises in all Artificial Intelligence applications in the real world. Its solution requires robust separation of samples with errors from samples…
We study the orbital properties of stars in four (published) simulations of thick disks formed by: i) accretion from disrupted satellites, ii) heating of a pre-existing thin disk by a minor merger, iii) radial migration and iv) gas rich…
While attractive from a theoretical perspective, finely stratified experiments such as paired designs suffer from certain analytical limitations not present in block-randomized experiments with multiple treated and control individuals in…
According to Aistleitner and Weimar, there exist two-dimensional (double) infinite matrices whose star-discrepancy $D_N^{*s}$ of the first $N$ rows and $s$ columns, interpreted as $N$ points in $[0,1]^s$, satisfies an inequality of the form…
Nested sampling is an iterative integration procedure that shrinks the prior volume towards higher likelihoods by removing a "live" point at a time. A replacement point is drawn uniformly from the prior above an ever-increasing likelihood…
Gorman and Bedrick (2019) argued for using random splits rather than standard splits in NLP experiments. We argue that random splits, like standard splits, lead to overly optimistic performance estimates. We can also split data in biased or…
We consider MAP estimators for structured prediction with exponential family models. In particular, we concentrate on the case that efficient algorithms for uniform sampling from the output space exist. We show that under this assumption…
Background: Neutron stars are astronomical systems with nucleons submitted to extreme conditions. Due to the long range coulomb repulsion between protons, the system has structural inhomogeneities. These structural inhomogeneities arise…
The nested distance builds on the Wasserstein distance to quantify the difference of stochastic processes, including also the information modelled by filtrations. The Sinkhorn divergence is a relaxation of the Wasserstein distance, which…
We examine the impact of discrete numbers of stars in stellar populations on the results of Chemical Evolution Models. We explore the resulting dispersion in the true yields and their possible relation with the dispersion in observational…
Scientific modeling applications often require estimating a distribution of parameters consistent with a dataset of observations - an inference task also known as source distribution estimation. This problem can be ill-posed, however, since…