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The sparsely activated mixture of experts (MoE) model presents a promising alternative to traditional densely activated (dense) models, enhancing both quality and computational efficiency. However, training MoE models from scratch demands…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Xingkui Zhu , Yiran Guan , Dingkang Liang , Yuchao Chen , Yuliang Liu , Xiang Bai

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) enables efficient scaling of large language models by activating only a subset of experts per input token. However, deploying MoE-based models incurs significant memory overhead due to the need to retain all experts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Geng Zhang , Yuxuan Han , Yuxuan Lou , Yiqi Zhang , Wangbo Zhao , Yang You

We propose Chain-of-Experts (CoE), a new Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture that introduces sequential expert communication within each layer. Unlike traditional MoE models, where experts operate independently in parallel, CoE processes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Zihan Wang , Rui Pan , Jiarui Yao , Robert Csordas , Linjie Li , Lu Yin , Jiajun Wu , Tong Zhang , Manling Li , Shiwei Liu

The optimal kernel configuration for Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) inference depends on both batch size and the expert routing distribution, yet production systems dispatch from batch size alone, leaving 10-70% of kernel throughput unrealized.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Vyom Sharma , Debajyoti Datta

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture has become a predominant paradigm for scaling large language models (LLMs). Despite offering strong performance and computational efficiency, large MoE-based LLMs like DeepSeek-V3-0324 and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Xiaodong Chen , Mingming Ha , Zhenzhong Lan , Jing Zhang , Jianguo Li

Recently, Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have gained attention for efficiently scaling large language models. Although these models are extremely large, their sparse activation enables inference to be performed by accessing only a fraction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Byeongju Kim , Jungwan Lee , Donghyeon Han , Hoi-Jun Yoo , Sangyeob Kim

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models offer a powerful way to scale model size without increasing compute, as per-token FLOPs depend only on k active experts rather than the total pool of E experts. Yet, this asymmetry creates an MoE…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Linghao Jin , Chufan Shi , Huijuan Wang , Nuan Wen , Zhengzhong Liu , Eric Xing , Xuezhe Ma

Large Language Models (LLMs) based on Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) are pivotal in industrial applications for their ability to scale performance efficiently. However, standard MoEs enforce uniform expert sizes,creating a rigidity that fails to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Zhicheng Ma , Xiang Liu , Zhaoxiang Liu , Ning Wang , Yi Shen , Kai Wang , Shuming Shi , Shiguo Lian

In this paper, we address the performance degradation of efficient diffusion models by introducing Multi-architecturE Multi-Expert diffusion models (MEME). We identify the need for tailored operations at different time-steps in diffusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Yunsung Lee , Jin-Young Kim , Hyojun Go , Myeongho Jeong , Shinhyeok Oh , Seungtaek Choi

Federated fine-tuning of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE)-based large language models (LLMs) is challenging due to their massive computational requirements and the resource constraints of participants. Existing working attempts to fill this gap…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Fahao Chen , Jie Wan , Peng Li , Zhou Su , Dongxiao Yu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures offer a scalable path for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in node classification tasks but typically rely on static and rigid routing strategies that enforce a uniform expert budget or coarse-grained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jiajun Zhou , Yadong Li , Xuanze Chen , Chen Ma , Chuang Zhao , Shanqing Yu , Qi Xuan

Solving multi-objective optimization problems for large deep neural networks is a challenging task due to the complexity of the loss landscape and the expensive computational cost of training and evaluating models. Efficient Pareto front…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Anke Tang , Li Shen , Yong Luo , Shiwei Liu , Han Hu , Bo Du

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models face memory and PCIe latency bottlenecks when deployed on commodity hardware. Offloading expert weights to CPU memory results in PCIe transfer latency that exceeds GPU computation by several folds. We present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Enda Yu , Dezun Dong , Zhaoning Zhang , Zhe Bai , Weiling Yang , Haojie Wang , Dongsheng Li , Yongwei Wu , Xiangke Liao

We present a new supervised architecture termed Mediated Mixture-of-Experts (MMoE) that allows us to improve classification accuracy of Deep Convolutional Networks (DCN). Our architecture achieves this with the help of expert networks: A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-20 Sebastian Agethen , Winston H. Hsu

Sparsely-activated Mixture-of-experts (MoE) models allow the number of parameters to greatly increase while keeping the amount of computation for a given token or a given sample unchanged. However, a poor expert routing strategy (e.g. one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Yanqi Zhou , Tao Lei , Hanxiao Liu , Nan Du , Yanping Huang , Vincent Zhao , Andrew Dai , Zhifeng Chen , Quoc Le , James Laudon

Fine-grained Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models sparsely activate only a subset of experts per token, reducing activated computation while maintaining high model capacity. However, in memory-constrained inference scenarios, only a small set of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Xiongwei Zhu , Xiaojian Liao , Tianyang Jiang , Yusen Zhang , Liang Wang , Limin Xiao

In today's landscape, Mixture of Experts (MoE) is a crucial architecture that has been used by many of the most advanced models. One of the major challenges of MoE models is that they usually require much more memory than their dense…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Shuning Lin , Yifan He , Yitong Chen

This paper presents MoE-Gen, a high-throughput MoE inference system optimized for single-GPU execution. Existing inference systems rely on model-based or continuous batching strategies, originally designed for interactive inference, which…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Tairan Xu , Leyang Xue , Zhan Lu , Adrian Jackson , Luo Mai

We propose a simple yet effective approach to enhance the performance of feed-forward 3D reconstruction models. Existing methods often struggle near depth discontinuities, where standard regression losses encourage spatial averaging and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Zichen Wang , Ang Cao , Liam J. Wang , Jeong Joon Park

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as a practical approach to scale up parameters for the Transformer model to achieve better generalization while maintaining a sub-linear increase in computation overhead. Current MoE models are mainly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Shuqing Luo , Jie Peng , Pingzhi Li , Hanrui Wang , Tianlong Chen