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Reinforcement learning (RL) for LLM post-training faces a fundamental design choice: whether to use a learned critic as a baseline for policy optimization. Classical theory favors critic-based methods such as PPO for variance reduction, yet…

Pre-trained multi-modal vision-language models (VLMs) are becoming increasingly popular due to their exceptional performance on downstream vision applications, particularly in the few- and zero-shot settings. However, selecting the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Orr Zohar , Shih-Cheng Huang , Kuan-Chieh Wang , Serena Yeung

Recent advancements in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in general visual reasoning, yet their applicability to rigorous biometric tasks remains unexplored. This work presents an exploratory study…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Marta Robledo-Moreno , Ruben Vera-Rodriguez , Ruben Tolosana , Javier Ortega-Garcia

In the context of multi-agent systems, the rational verification problem is concerned with checking which temporal logic properties will hold in a system when its constituent agents are assumed to behave rationally and strategically in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-08-14 Julian Gutierrez , Muhammad Najib , Giuseppe Perelli , Michael Wooldridge

Adapting large language models (LLMs) to a targeted task efficiently and effectively remains a fundamental challenge. Such adaptation often requires iteratively improving the model toward a targeted task, yet collecting high-quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Ting-Wei Li , Sirui Chen , Jiaru Zou , Yingbing Huang , Tianxin Wei , Jingrui He , Hanghang Tong

We present a data-efficient framework for solving visuomotor sequential decision-making problems which exploits the combination of reinforcement learning (RL) and latent variable generative models. Our framework trains deep visuomotor…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Ali Ghadirzadeh , Petra Poklukar , Ville Kyrki , Danica Kragic , Mårten Björkman

Recent work in synthetic data generation in the time-series domain has focused on the use of Generative Adversarial Networks. We propose a novel architecture for synthetically generating time-series data with the use of Variational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Abhyuday Desai , Cynthia Freeman , Zuhui Wang , Ian Beaver

Vision-language models (VLMs) are impactful in part because they can be applied to a variety of visual understanding tasks in a zero-shot fashion, without any fine-tuning. We study $\textit{generative VLMs}$ that are trained for next-word…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Zhiqiu Lin , Xinyue Chen , Deepak Pathak , Pengchuan Zhang , Deva Ramanan

Large language models (LLMs) make reward design in reinforcement learning substantially more scalable, but generated rewards are not automatically reliable training objectives. Existing work has focused primarily on generating, evolving, or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Feiyu Wu , Xu Zheng , Zhuocheng Wang , Yi ming Dai , Hui Li

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has significantly advanced Large Language Models (LLMs) in verifiable domains, but aligning models for open-ended generation remains profoundly challenging due to the lack of definitive rewards. Current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xin Guan , Xiaomeng Hu , Shen Huang , Zhenyi Wang , Bo Zhang , Zijian Li , Pengjun Xie , Bo Liu , Jiuxin Cao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great potential in automating the generation of Verilog hardware description language code for hardware design. This automation is critical to reducing human effort in the complex and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Ping Guo , Yiting Wang , Wanghao Ye , Yexiao He , Ziyao Wang , Xiaopeng Dai , Ang Li , Qingfu Zhang

Autonomous LLM-based agents are increasingly engaging in decentralized service interactions to collaboratively execute complex tasks. However, the intrinsic instability and low-cost generativity of LLMs introduce a systemic vulnerability,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jiye Wang , Shiduo Yang , Jiayu Qin , Jianbin Li , Yu Wang , Yuanhe Zhao , Kenan Guo

LLM-based agents depend on effective tool-use policies to solve complex tasks, yet optimizing these policies remains challenging due to delayed supervision and the difficulty of credit assignment in long-horizon trajectories. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Shuo Yang , Soyeon Caren Han , Xueqi Ma , Yan Li , Mohammad Reza Ghasemi Madani , Eduard Hovy

Deep latent variable models (LVM) such as variational auto-encoder (VAE) have recently played an important role in text generation. One key factor is the exploitation of smooth latent structures to guide the generation. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Le Fang , Chunyuan Li , Jianfeng Gao , Wen Dong , Changyou Chen

The integration of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) into autonomous driving systems has shown promise in addressing key challenges such as learning complexity, interpretability, and common-sense reasoning. However, existing approaches often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Xuesong Chen , Linjiang Huang , Tao Ma , Rongyao Fang , Shaoshuai Shi , Hongsheng Li

The advent of foundation models, which are pre-trained on vast datasets, has ushered in a new era of computer vision, characterized by their robustness and remarkable zero-shot generalization capabilities. Mirroring the transformative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Xu Liu , Tong Zhou , Yuanxin Wang , Yuping Wang , Qinjingwen Cao , Weizhi Du , Yonghuan Yang , Junjun He , Yu Qiao , Yiqing Shen

In autonomous driving, dynamic environment and corner cases pose significant challenges to the robustness of ego vehicle's state understanding and decision making. We introduce VDRive, a novel pipeline for end-to-end autonomous driving that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Ziang Guo , Zufeng Zhang

The safe deployment of autonomous driving systems (ADSs) relies on comprehensive testing and evaluation. However, safety-critical scenarios that can effectively expose system vulnerabilities are extremely sparse in the real world. Existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Xinzheng Wu , Junyi Chen , Naiting Zhong , Yong Shen

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are emerging as highly effective planning models for end-to-end autonomous driving systems. However, current works mostly rely on imitation learning from sparse trajectory annotations and under-utilize…

Generative engines (GEs) are reshaping information access by replacing ranked links with citation-grounded answers, yet current Generative Engine Optimization (GEO) methods optimize each instance in isolation, unable to accumulate or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Beining Wu , Fuyou Mao , Jiong Lin , Cheng Yang , Jiaxuan Lu , Yifu Guo , Siyu Zhang , Yifan Wu , Ying Huang , Fu Li