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The size of the effect of the difference in two groups with respect to a variable of interest may be estimated by the classical Cohen's $d$. A recently proposed generalized estimator allows conditioning on further independent variables…
In order to use psychometric instruments to assess a multidimensional construct, we may decompose it in dimensions and, in order to assess each dimension, develop a set of items, so one may assess the construct as a whole, by assessing its…
The standardized mean difference (SMD) is a widely used measure of effect size, particularly common in psychology, clinical trials, and meta-analysis involving continuous outcomes. Traditionally, under the equal variance assumption, the SMD…
Cook's distance [Technometrics 19 (1977) 15-18] is one of the most important diagnostic tools for detecting influential individual or subsets of observations in linear regression for cross-sectional data. However, for many complex data…
There are phenomena that cannot be measured without subjective testing. However, subjective testing is a complex issue with many influencing factors. These interplay to yield either precise or incorrect results. Researchers require a tool…
A new class of statistical deformable models is introduced to study high-dimensional curves or images. In addition to the standard measurement error term, these deformable models include an extra error term modeling the individual…
Diagnostic classification models (DCMs) are psychometric models for evaluating a student's mastery of the essential skills in a content domain based upon their responses to a set of test items. Currently, diagnostic model and/or Q-matrix…
For a high-dimensional linear model with a finite number of covariates measured with error, we study statistical inference on the parameters associated with the error-prone covariates, and propose a new corrected decorrelated score test and…
Effect size indices are useful tools in study design and reporting because they are unitless measures of association strength that do not depend on sample size. Existing effect size indices are developed for particular parametric models or…
Reflection statistics have not been well studied for optical random media whose mean refractive indices do not match with the refractive indices of their surrounding media. Here, we theoretically study how this refractive index mismatch…
The distance standard deviation, which arises in distance correlation analysis of multivariate data, is studied as a measure of spread. The asymptotic distribution of the empirical distance standard deviation is derived under the assumption…
As the most important tool to provide high-level evidence-based medicine, researchers can statistically summarize and combine data from multiple studies by conducting meta-analysis. In meta-analysis, mean differences are frequently used…
Individual scores on common factors are required in some applied settings (e.g., business and marketing settings). Common factors are based on reflective indicators, but their scores cannot unambiguously be determined. Therefore, factor…
Score-based tests have been used to study parameter heterogeneity across many types of statistical models. This chapter describes a new self-normalization approach for score-based tests of mixed models, which addresses situations where…
Evaluation of a variable Yd from certain measured variable(s) Xi(s), by making use of their system-specific-relationship (SSR), is generally referred as the indirect measurement. Naturally the SSR may stand for a simple data-translation…
Fine-tuning pre-trained language models on downstream tasks with varying random seeds has been shown to be unstable, especially on small datasets. Many previous studies have investigated this instability and proposed methods to mitigate it.…
In systematic reviews and meta-analysis, researchers often pool the results of the sample mean and standard deviation from a set of similar clinical trials. A number of the trials, however, reported the study using the median, the minimum…
Ordered response scales are ubiquitous in economics, but their interpretation rests on an untested assumption: that numerical labels reflect equal psychological intervals. The contribution of this paper is to provide a systematic assessment…
Skewness measures can be used to measure the level of asymmetry of a distribution. Given the prevalence of statistical methods that assume underlying symmetry, and also the desire for symmetry in order to make meaningful judgements for…
Researchers increasingly use meta-analysis to synthesize the results of several studies in order to estimate a common effect. When the outcome variable is continuous, standard meta-analytic approaches assume that the primary studies report…