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When do language diffusion models memorize their training data, and how to quantitatively assess their true generative regime? We address these questions by showing that Uniform-based Discrete Diffusion Models (UDDMs) fundamentally behave…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Bao Pham , Mohammed J. Zaki , Luca Ambrogioni , Dmitry Krotov , Matteo Negri

We present a novel generative modeling method called diffusion normalizing flow based on stochastic differential equations (SDEs). The algorithm consists of two neural SDEs: a forward SDE that gradually adds noise to the data to transform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Qinsheng Zhang , Yongxin Chen

Generalization of machine learning models trained on a set of source domains on unseen target domains with different statistics, is a challenging problem. While many approaches have been proposed to solve this problem, they only utilize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Prashant Pandey , Mrigank Raman , Sumanth Varambally , Prathosh AP

A machine learning (ML) system must learn not only to match the output of a target function on a training set, but also to generalize to novel situations in order to yield accurate predictions at deployment. In most practical applications,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Clare Lyle

Diffusion models are prone to exactly reproduce images from the training data. This exact reproduction of the training data is concerning as it can lead to copyright infringement and/or leakage of privacy-sensitive information. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Anubhav Jain , Yuya Kobayashi , Takashi Shibuya , Yuhta Takida , Nasir Memon , Julian Togelius , Yuki Mitsufuji

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in generating high-quality images thanks to their novel training procedures applied to unprecedented amounts of data. However, training a diffusion model from scratch is computationally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Michał Zając , Kamil Deja , Anna Kuzina , Jakub M. Tomczak , Tomasz Trzciński , Florian Shkurti , Piotr Miłoś

We explore the connection between deep learning and information theory through the paradigm of diffusion models. A diffusion model converts noise into structured data by reinstating, imperfectly, information that is erased when data was…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Akhil Premkumar

Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DPMs) are powerful generative models that have achieved unparalleled success in a number of generative tasks. In this work, we aim to build inductive biases into the training and sampling of diffusion models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Thomas Jiralerspong , Berton Earnshaw , Jason Hartford , Yoshua Bengio , Luca Scimeca

When machine learning models are deployed on a test distribution different from the training distribution, they can perform poorly, but overestimate their performance. In this work, we aim to better estimate a model's performance under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Ching-Yao Chuang , Antonio Torralba , Stefanie Jegelka

This paper demonstrates how to use generative models trained for image synthesis as tools for visual data mining. Our insight is that since contemporary generative models learn an accurate representation of their training data, we can use…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Ioannis Siglidis , Aleksander Holynski , Alexei A. Efros , Mathieu Aubry , Shiry Ginosar

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) refers to algorithms that create synthetic but realistic output. Diffusion models currently offer state of the art performance in generative AI for images. They also form a key component in more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Catherine F. Higham , Desmond J. Higham , Peter Grindrod

This book presents the core principles that have guided the development of diffusion models, tracing their origins and showing how diverse formulations arise from shared mathematical ideas. Diffusion modeling starts by defining a forward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Chieh-Hsin Lai , Yang Song , Dongjun Kim , Yuki Mitsufuji , Stefano Ermon

The notion of neural collapse refers to several emergent phenomena that have been empirically observed across various canonical classification problems. During the terminal phase of training a deep neural network, the feature embedding of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Duc Anh Nguyen , Ron Levie , Julian Lienen , Gitta Kutyniok , Eyke Hüllermeier

Diffusion models are a class of generative models that have demonstrated remarkable success in tasks such as image generation. However, one of the bottlenecks of these models is slow sampling due to the delay before the onset of trajectory…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-25 Li Cunzhi , Louis Kang , Hideaki Shimazaki

As a class of generative artificial intelligence frameworks inspired by statistical physics, diffusion models have shown extraordinary performance in synthesizing complicated data distributions through a denoising process gradually guided…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Fangjun Hu , Guangkuo Liu , Yifan F. Zhang , Xun Gao

The generative process of Diffusion Models (DMs) has recently set state-of-the-art on many AI generation benchmarks. Though the generative process is traditionally understood as an "iterative denoiser", there is no universally accepted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Benjamin Hoover , Hendrik Strobelt , Dmitry Krotov , Judy Hoffman , Zsolt Kira , Duen Horng Chau

Diffusion models (DMs) have recently gained attention with state-of-the-art performance in text-to-image synthesis. Abiding by the tradition in deep learning, DMs are trained and evaluated on the images with fixed sizes. However, users are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Zhiyu Jin , Xuli Shen , Bin Li , Xiangyang Xue

One of the objectives of Continual Learning is to learn new concepts continually over a stream of experiences and at the same time avoid catastrophic forgetting. To mitigate complete knowledge overwriting, memory-based methods store a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Felipe del Rio , Julio Hurtado , Cristian Buc , Alvaro Soto , Vincenzo Lomonaco

We leverage probabilistic models of neural representations to investigate how residual networks fit classes. To this end, we estimate class-conditional density models for representations learned by deep ResNets. We then use these models to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Michał Jamroż , Marcin Kurdziel

Large-scale text-to-image models have demonstrated amazing ability to synthesize diverse and high-fidelity images. However, these models are often violated by several limitations. Firstly, they require the user to provide precise and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Yupei Lin , Sen Zhang , Xiaojun Yang , Xiao Wang , Yukai Shi
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