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Accurate volume estimation of objects from visual data is a long-standing challenge in computer vision with significant applications in robotics, logistics, and smart health. Existing methods often rely on complex 3D reconstruction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Gautham Vinod , Bruce Coburn , Siddeshwar Raghavan , Fengqing Zhu

The advancement of embodied intelligence is accelerating the integration of robots into daily life as human assistants. This evolution requires robots to not only interpret high-level instructions and plan tasks but also perceive and adapt…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Zhichen Lou , Kechun Xu , Zhongxiang Zhou , Rong Xiong

Multimodal Small-to-Medium sized Language Models (MSLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in integrating visual and textual information but still face significant limitations in visual comprehension and mathematical reasoning,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ashutosh Bajpai , Akshat Bhandari , Akshay Nambi , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have emerged as the backbone of many segmentation models, consistently achieving state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance. However, their success comes at a significant computational cost. Image token pruning is one of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Hanning Chen , Yang Ni , Wenjun Huang , Yezi Liu , SungHeon Jeong , Fei Wen , Nathaniel Bastian , Hugo Latapie , Mohsen Imani

Many animals, and an increasing number of artificial agents, display sophisticated capabilities to perceive and manipulate objects. But human beings remain distinctive in their capacity for flexible, creative tool use -- using objects in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Kelsey R. Allen , Kevin A. Smith , Joshua B. Tenenbaum

Text-to-Image (T2I) and multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have been adopted in solutions for several computer vision and multimodal learning tasks. However, it has been found that such vision-language models lack the ability to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Agneet Chatterjee , Yiran Luo , Tejas Gokhale , Yezhou Yang , Chitta Baral

Vision language models (VLMs) are an exciting emerging class of language models (LMs) that have merged classic LM capabilities with those of image processing systems. However, the ways that these capabilities combine are not always…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Qiucheng Wu , Handong Zhao , Michael Saxon , Trung Bui , William Yang Wang , Yang Zhang , Shiyu Chang

Visual Prompt Tuning (VPT) techniques have gained prominence for their capacity to adapt pre-trained Vision Transformers (ViTs) to downstream visual tasks using specialized learnable tokens termed as prompts. Contemporary VPT methodologies,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Shentong Mo , Yansen Wang , Xufang Luo , Dongsheng Li

As convolution has empowered many smart applications, dynamic convolution further equips it with the ability to adapt to diverse inputs. However, the static and dynamic convolutions are either layout-agnostic or computation-heavy, making it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Jierun Chen , Tianlang He , Weipeng Zhuo , Li Ma , Sangtae Ha , S. -H. Gary Chan

360 panoramic images are increasingly used in virtual reality, autonomous driving, and robotics for holistic scene understanding. However, current Vision-Language Models (VLMs) struggle with 3D spatial reasoning on Equirectangular…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Zekai Lin , Xu Zheng

Traditionally, in Programming-by-example (PBE) the goal is to synthesize a program from a small set of input-output examples. Lately, PBE has gained traction as a few-shot reasoning benchmark, relaxing the requirement to produce a program…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Janis Zenkner , Tobias Sesterhenn , Christian Bartelt

In computer vision, Visual Prompting (VP) and Visual Prompt Tuning (VPT) have recently emerged as lightweight and effective alternatives to full fine-tuning for adapting large-scale vision models within the "pretrain-then-finetune"…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Xi Xiao , Yunbei Zhang , Lin Zhao , Yiyang Liu , Xiaoying Liao , Zheda Mai , Xingjian Li , Xiao Wang , Hao Xu , Jihun Hamm , Xue Lin , Min Xu , Qifan Wang , Tianyang Wang , Cheng Han

Large-scale pretrained vision backbones have transformed computer vision by providing powerful feature extractors that enable various downstream tasks, including training-free approaches like visual prompting for semantic segmentation.…

Spatial reasoning in large-scale 3D environments such as warehouses remains a significant challenge for vision-language systems due to scene clutter, occlusions, and the need for precise spatial understanding. Existing models often struggle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Tanner Muturi , Blessing Agyei Kyem , Joshua Kofi Asamoah , Neema Jakisa Owor , Richard Dyzinela , Andrews Danyo , Yaw Adu-Gyamfi , Armstrong Aboah

As Vision-Language Models (VLMs) grow in sophistication, their ability to perform reasoning is coming under increasing supervision. While they excel at many tasks, their grasp of fundamental scientific principles, such as physics, remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Pranav Pawar , Kavish Shah , Akshat Bhalani , Komal Kasat , Dev Mittal , Hadi Gala , Deepali Patil , Nikita Raichada , Monali Deshmukh

Visual programming, a modular and generalizable paradigm, integrates different modules and Python operators to solve various vision-language tasks. Unlike end-to-end models that need task-specific data, it advances in performing visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Minghe Gao , Juncheng Li , Hao Fei , Liang Pang , Wei Ji , Guoming Wang , Zheqi Lv , Wenqiao Zhang , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang

The use of applications on computers, smartphones, and tablets has been considerably simplied thanks to interactive and dynamic graphical interfaces coupled with the mouse and touch screens. It is no longer necessary to be a computer…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Michel Adam , Patrice Frison , Moncef Daoud , Sabine Letellier Zarshenas

When humans face problems beyond their immediate capabilities, they rely on tools, providing a promising paradigm for improving visual reasoning in multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Effective reasoning, therefore, hinges on knowing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Mingyang Song , Haoyu Sun , Jiawei Gu , Linjie Li , Luxin Xu , Ranjay Krishna , Yu Cheng

Vision language models (VLMs) have shown impressive capabilities across a variety of tasks, from logical reasoning to visual understanding. This opens the door to richer interaction with the world, for example robotic control. However, VLMs…

The integration of generative artificial intelligence (AI) into architectural design has advanced significantly, enabling the generation of text, images, and 3D models. However, prior AI applications lack support for text-to-parametric…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Guangxi Feng , Wei Yan