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Economic decision-making depends not only on structured signals such as prices and taxes, but also on unstructured language, including peer dialogue and media narratives. While multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has shown promise in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Heyang Ma , Qirui Mi , Qipeng Yang , Zijun Fan , Bo Li , Haifeng Zhang

Hallucination remains a critical challenge in large language models (LLMs), hindering the development of reliable multimodal LLMs (MLLMs). Existing solutions often rely on human intervention or underutilize the agent's ability to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Zhongyu Yang , Yingfang Yuan , Xuanming Jiang , Baoyi An , Wei Pang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities for reinforcement learning (RL) models, such as planning and reasoning capabilities. However, the problems of LLMs and RL model collaboration still need to be solved. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shangding Gu

Hallucination remains a critical bottleneck for large language models (LLMs), undermining their reliability in real-world applications, especially in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems. While existing hallucination detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Zhuo Li , Yupeng Zhang , Pengyu Cheng , Jiajun Song , Mengyu Zhou , Hao Li , Shujie Hu , Yu Qin , Erchao Zhao , Xiaoxi Jiang , Guanjun Jiang

Grounding the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) for embodied tasks is challenging due to the complexity of the physical world. Especially, LLM planning for multi-agent collaboration requires communication of agents or credit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yang Zhang , Shixin Yang , Chenjia Bai , Fei Wu , Xiu Li , Zhen Wang , Xuelong Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced autonomous agents' planning and decision-making, yet they struggle with complex tasks requiring diverse expertise and multi-step reasoning. Multi-Agent Debate (MAD) systems, introduced in NLP…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Jina Chun , Qihong Chen , Jiawei Li , Iftekhar Ahmed

Large language models (LLMs) are being widely applied across various fields, but as tasks become more complex, evaluating their responses is increasingly challenging. Compared to human evaluators, the use of LLMs to support performance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Yuran Li , Jama Hussein Mohamud , Chongren Sun , Di Wu , Benoit Boulet

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in question-answering tasks, their performance is limited when the questions require knowledge that is not included in the model's training data and can only be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Abhigya Sodani , Lauren Moos , Matthew Mirman

The reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) have been substantially improved by reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR). At test time, collaborative reasoning through Multi-Agent Debate (MAD) has emerged as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Chenxi Liu , Yanshuo Chen , Ruibo Chen , Tianyi Xiong , Tong Zheng , Heng Huang

LLM-as-Judge has emerged as a scalable alternative to human evaluation, enabling large language models (LLMs) to provide reward signals in trainings. While recent work has explored multi-agent extensions such as multi-agent debate and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Chiyu Ma , Enpei Zhang , Yilun Zhao , Wenjun Liu , Yaning Jia , Peijun Qing , Lin Shi , Arman Cohan , Yujun Yan , Soroush Vosoughi

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly employed to automate complex software engineering tasks, such as program repair and issue resolution. These agents operate by autonomously generating natural language thoughts,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Islem Bouzenia , Michael Pradel

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) provides an efficient way for simultaneously learning policies for multiple agents interacting with each other. However, in scenarios requiring complex interactions, existing algorithms can suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Xiaobai Ma , David Isele , Jayesh K. Gupta , Kikuo Fujimura , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Multi-agent systems (MAS) extend large language models (LLMs) from independent single-model reasoning to coordinative system-level intelligence. While existing LLM agents depend on text-based mediation for reasoning and communication, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Jiaru Zou , Xiyuan Yang , Ruizhong Qiu , Gaotang Li , Katherine Tieu , Pan Lu , Ke Shen , Hanghang Tong , Yejin Choi , Jingrui He , James Zou , Mengdi Wang , Ling Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) need to adapt their predictions to diverse cultural contexts to benefit diverse communities across the world. While previous efforts have focused on single-LLM, single-turn approaches, we propose to exploit the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Dayeon Ki , Rachel Rudinger , Tianyi Zhou , Marine Carpuat

Large language models have recently demonstrated significant gains in reasoning ability, often attributed to their capacity to generate longer chains of thought and engage in reflective reasoning. However, the contribution of reflections to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Liwei Kang , Yue Deng , Yao Xiao , Zhanfeng Mo , Wee Sun Lee , Lidong Bing

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable promise in communicating with humans. Their potential use as artificial partners with humans in sociological experiments involving conversation is an exciting prospect. But how viable is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 James Flamino , Mohammed Shahid Modi , Boleslaw K. Szymanski , Brendan Cross , Colton Mikolajczyk

Multilingual reasoning remains a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs), with performance disproportionately favoring high-resource languages. Drawing inspiration from cognitive neuroscience, which suggests that human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Weixiang Zhao , Jiahe Guo , Yang Deng , Tongtong Wu , Wenxuan Zhang , Yulin Hu , Xingyu Sui , Yanyan Zhao , Wanxiang Che , Bing Qin , Tat-Seng Chua , Ting Liu

Previous studies proposed that the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) can be improved through self-reflection, i.e., letting LLMs reflect on their own output to identify and correct mistakes in the initial responses.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Fengyuan Liu , Nouar AlDahoul , Gregory Eady , Yasir Zaki , Talal Rahwan

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have recently demonstrated impressive capabilities in complex reasoning tasks by leveraging increased test-time computation and exhibiting behaviors reminiscent of human-like self-reflection. While LRMs show a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Qingcheng Zeng , Weihao Xuan , Leyang Cui , Rob Voigt

Self-reflection -- the ability of a large language model (LLM) to revisit, evaluate, and revise its own reasoning -- has recently emerged as a powerful behavior enabled by reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR). While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Xudong Zhu , Jiachen Jiang , Mohammad Mahdi Khalili , Zhihui Zhu