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A code-level backdoor is a hidden access, programmed and concealed within the code of a program. For instance, hard-coded credentials planted in the code of a file server application would enable maliciously logging into all deployed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Dimitri Kokkonis , Michaël Marcozzi , Emilien Decoux , Stefano Zacchiroli

Protocol fuzzing is a scalable and cost-effective technique for identifying security vulnerabilities in deployed Internet of Things devices. During their operational phase, IoT devices often run lightweight servers to handle user…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Priyanka Rushikesh Chaudhary , Rajib Ranjan Maiti

Manually annotated datasets are crucial for training and evaluating Natural Language Processing models. However, recent work has discovered that even widely-used benchmark datasets contain a substantial number of erroneous annotations. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Leon Weber , Barbara Plank

Traditional human-in-the-loop-based annotation for time-series data like inertial data often requires access to alternate modalities like video or audio from the environment. These alternate sources provide the necessary information to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Aritra Hota , Soumyajit Chatterjee , Sandip Chakraborty

Software vulnerabilities are commonly exploited as attack vectors in cyberattacks. Hence, it is crucial to identify vulnerable software configurations early to apply preventive measures. Effective vulnerability detection relies on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Devesh Sawant , Manjesh K. Hanawal , Atul Kabra

Among the many software vulnerability discovery techniques available today, fuzzing has remained highly popular due to its conceptual simplicity, its low barrier to deployment, and its vast amount of empirical evidence in discovering…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Valentin J. M. Manes , HyungSeok Han , Choongwoo Han , Sang Kil Cha , Manuel Egele , Edward J. Schwartz , Maverick Woo

Rust is a memory-safe language, and its strong safety guarantees combined with high performance have been attracting widespread adoption in systems programming and security-critical applications. However, Rust permits the use of unsafe…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Tianrou Xia , Kaiming Huang , Dongyeon Yu , Yuseok Jeon , Jie Zhou , Dinghao Wu , Taegyu Kim

Detecting jailbreak attempts in clinical training large language models (LLMs) requires accurate modeling of linguistic deviations that signal unsafe or off-task user behavior. Prior work on the 2-Sigma clinical simulation platform showed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Tri Nguyen , Huy Hoang Bao Le , Lohith Srikanth Pentapalli , Laurah Turner , Kelly Cohen

Background. Jupyter notebooks are one of the main tools used by data scientists. Notebooks include features (configuration scripts, markdown, images, etc.) that make them challenging to analyze compared to traditional software. As a result,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Wenyuan Jiang , Diany Pressato , Harsh Darji , Thibaud Lutellier

Python is one of the most popular programming languages; as such, projects written in Python involve an increasing number of diverse security vulnerabilities. However, existing state-of-the-art analysis tools for Python only support a few…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Yoann Marquer , Domenico Bianculli , Lionel C. Briand

One of the primary obstacles in the advancement of Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies for low-resource languages is the lack of annotated datasets for training and testing machine learning models. In this paper, we present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Hrishikesh Terdalkar , Arnab Bhattacharya

The widespread integration of wearable sensing devices in Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems, particularly in healthcare, smart homes, and industrial applications, has required robust human activity recognition (HAR) techniques to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 W. K. M Mithsara , Ning Yang , Ahmed Imteaj , Hussein Zangoti , Abdur R. Shahid

Fuzzing is a widely used software security testing technique that is designed to identify vulnerabilities in systems by providing invalid or unexpected input. Continuous fuzzing systems like OSS-FUZZ have been successful in finding security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Chaitanya Rahalkar

This paper presents a scalable, practical approach to quantifying information leaks in software; these errors are often overlooked and downplayed, but can seriously compromise security mechanisms such as address space layout randomisation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Daniel Blackwell , Ingolf Becker , David Clark

Network log data analysis plays a critical role in detecting security threats and operational anomalies. Traditional log analysis methods for anomaly detection and root cause analysis rely heavily on expert knowledge or fully supervised…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Xuanhao Luo , Shivesh Madan Nath Jha , Akruti Sinha , Zhizhen Li , Yuchen Liu

Security vulnerabilities play a vital role in network security system. Fuzzing technology is widely used as a vulnerability discovery technology to reduce damage in advance. However, traditional fuzzing techniques have many challenges, such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Yan Wang , Peng Jia , Luping Liu , Jiayong Liu

Monitoring the threat landscape to be aware of actual or potential attacks is of utmost importance to cybersecurity professionals. Information about cyber threats is typically distributed using natural language reports. Natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Lukas Lange , Marc Müller , Ghazaleh Haratinezhad Torbati , Dragan Milchevski , Patrick Grau , Subhash Pujari , Annemarie Friedrich

Modern telecom systems are monitored with performance and system logs from multiple application layers and components. Detecting anomalous events from these logs is key to identify security breaches, resource over-utilization,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Abhishek Sarkar , Tanmay Sen , Srimanta Kundu , Arijit Sarkar , Abdul Wazed

We present MAFA (Multi-Agent Framework for Annotation), a production-deployed system that transforms enterprise-scale annotation workflows through configurable multi-agent collaboration. Addressing the critical challenge of annotation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Mahmood Hegazy , Aaron Rodrigues , Azzam Naeem

Software logs record system activities, aiding maintainers in identifying the underlying causes for failures and enabling prompt mitigation actions. However, maintainers need to inspect a large volume of daily logs to identify the anomalous…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Yintong Huo , Cheryl Lee , Yuxin Su , Shiwen Shan , Jinyang Liu , Michael R. Lyu