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Spatial intelligence in vision-language models (VLMs) attracts research interest with the practical demand to reason in the 3D world.Despite promising results, most existing methods follow the conventional 2D pipeline in VLMs and use…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Jerry Jiang , Haowen Sun , Denis Gudovskiy , Yohei Nakata , Tomoyuki Okuno , Kurt Keutzer , Wenzhao Zheng

Vision-language models (VLMs) often struggle with geometric reasoning due to their limited perception of fundamental diagram elements. To tackle this challenge, we introduce GeoPerceive, a benchmark comprising diagram instances paired with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Hao Yu , Shuning Jia , Guanghao Li , Wenhao Jiang , Chun Yuan

Surgical video understanding is a crucial prerequisite for advancing Computer-Assisted Surgery. While vision-language models (VLMs) have recently been applied to the surgical domain, existing surgical vision-language datasets lack in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Lennart Maack , Alexander Schlaefer

Existing Vision Language Models (VLMs) architecturally rooted in "flatland" perception, fundamentally struggle to comprehend real-world 3D spatial intelligence. This failure stems from a dual-bottleneck: input-stage conflict between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Zhongbin Guo , Jiahe Liu , Yushan Li , Wenyu Gao , Zhen Yang , Chenzhi Li , Xinyue Zhang , Ping Jian

Currently, utilizing large language models to understand the 3D world is becoming popular. Yet existing 3D-aware LLMs act as black boxes: they output bounding boxes or textual answers without revealing how those decisions are made, and they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Zhihao Yuan , Shuyi Jiang , Chun-Mei Feng , Yaolun Zhang , Shuguang Cui , Zhen Li , Na Zhao

3D Visual Grounding (3DVG) aims to localize objects in 3D scenes using natural language descriptions. Although supervised methods achieve higher accuracy in constrained settings, zero-shot 3DVG holds greater promise for real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Jiawen Lin , Shiran Bian , Yihang Zhu , Wenbin Tan , Yachao Zhang , Yuan Xie , Yanyun Qu

Vision-language models (VLMs) have advanced rapidly, but their ability to capture spatial relationships remains a blindspot. Current VLMs are typically built with contrastive language-image pretraining (CLIP) style image encoders. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Nahid Alam , Leema Krishna Murali , Siddhant Bharadwaj , Patrick Liu , Timothy Chung , Drishti Sharma , Akshata A , Kranthi Kiran , Wesley Tam , Bala Krishna S Vegesna

Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding and reasoning about visual content, but significant challenges persist in tasks requiring cross-viewpoint understanding and spatial reasoning. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Dingming Li , Hongxing Li , Zixuan Wang , Yuchen Yan , Hang Zhang , Siqi Chen , Guiyang Hou , Shengpei Jiang , Wenqi Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Weiming Lu , Yueting Zhuang

Precise spatial modeling in the operating room (OR) is foundational to many clinical tasks, supporting intraoperative awareness, hazard avoidance, and surgical decision-making. While existing approaches leverage large-scale multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Peiqi He , Zhenhao Zhang , Yixiang Zhang , Xiongjun Zhao , Shaoliang Peng

Geometric understanding - including depth and height perception - is fundamental to intelligence and crucial for navigating our environment. Despite the impressive capabilities of large Vision Language Models (VLMs), it remains unclear how…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Shehreen Azad , Yash Jain , Rishit Garg , Yogesh S Rawat , Vibhav Vineet

Current large vision-language models (LVLMs) typically employ a connector module to link visual features with text embeddings of large language models (LLMs) and use end-to-end training to achieve multi-modal understanding in a unified…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Zixian Guo , Ming Liu , Qilong Wang , Zhilong Ji , Jinfeng Bai , Lei Zhang , Wangmeng Zuo

Recent advancements in Vision-Language (VL) research have sparked new benchmarks for complex visual reasoning, challenging models' advanced reasoning ability. Traditional Vision-Language Models (VLMs) perform well in visual perception tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Zhiyuan Li , Dongnan Liu , Chaoyi Zhang , Heng Wang , Tengfei Xue , Weidong Cai

Humans naturally understand 3D spatial relationships, enabling complex reasoning like predicting collisions of vehicles from different directions. Current large multimodal models (LMMs), however, lack of this capability of 3D spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Wufei Ma , Luoxin Ye , Celso M de Melo , Jieneng Chen , Alan Yuille

Spatial reasoning from monocular images is essential for autonomous driving, yet current Vision-Language Models (VLMs) still struggle with fine-grained geometric perception, particularly under large scale variation and ambiguous object…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yanchun Cheng , Rundong Wang , Xulei Yang , Alok Prakash , Daniela Rus , Marcelo H Ang , ShiJie Li

Current video understanding models excel at recognizing "what" is happening but fall short in high-level cognitive tasks like causal reasoning and future prediction, a limitation rooted in their lack of commonsense world knowledge. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 L'ea Dubois , Klaus Schmidt , Chengyu Wang , Ji-Hoon Park , Lin Wang , Santiago Munoz

3D vision-language (VL) reasoning has gained significant attention due to its potential to bridge the 3D physical world with natural language descriptions. Existing approaches typically follow task-specific, highly specialized paradigms.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Hao Liu , Yanni Ma , Yan Liu , Haihong Xiao , Ying He

Vision language models (VLMs) are an exciting emerging class of language models (LMs) that have merged classic LM capabilities with those of image processing systems. However, the ways that these capabilities combine are not always…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Qiucheng Wu , Handong Zhao , Michael Saxon , Trung Bui , William Yang Wang , Yang Zhang , Shiyu Chang

While chains-of-thought (CoT) have advanced complex reasoning in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), existing methods remain confined to text or static visual domains, often faltering in dynamic spatial reasoning tasks. To bridge this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Siqu Ou , Hongcheng Liu , Pingjie Wang , Yusheng Liao , Chuan Xuan , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel at many multimodal tasks, yet they frequently struggle with tasks requiring precise understanding and handling of fine-grained visual elements. This is mainly due to information loss during image encoding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Xuchen Li , Xuzhao Li , Jiahui Gao , Renjie Pi , Shiyu Hu , Wentao Zhang

Precise spatial understanding from multi-view images remains a fundamental challenge for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), as their visual representations are predominantly semantic and lack explicit geometric grounding. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Chanyoung Gwak , Yoonwoo Jeong , Byungwoo Jeon , Hyunseok Lee , Jinwoo Shin , Minsu Cho