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Interactive Theorem Provers (ITPs) are an indispensable tool in the arsenal of formal method experts as a platform for construction and (formal) verification of proofs. The complexity of the proofs in conjunction with the level of expertise…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Eric Yeh , Briland Hitaj , Sam Owre , Maena Quemener , Natarajan Shankar

In this paper we consider quantum interactive proof systems, i.e., interactive proof systems in which the prover and verifier may perform quantum computations and exchange quantum messages. It is proved that every language in PSPACE has a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 John Watrous

The Message Passing Interface (MPI) is widely used in parallel, high-performance programming, yet writing bug-free software that uses MPI remains difficult. We introduce DafnyMPI, a novel, scalable approach to formally verifying MPI…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Aleksandr Fedchin , Antero Mejr , Hari Sundar , Jeffrey S. Foster

Existing reasoning evaluation paradigms suffer from different limitations: fixed benchmarks are increasingly saturated and vulnerable to contamination, while preference-based evaluations rely on subjective judgments. We argue that a core…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Baoqing Yue , Zihan Zhu , Yutong Han , Brian Fan , Qian Sun , Jichen Feng , Hufei Yang , Yifan Zhang , Mengdi Wang

This paper expands upon the finite state machine approach for the formal analysis of digital evidence. The proposed method may be used to support the feasibility of a given statement by testing it against a relevant system model. To achieve…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-02-13 Joshua I. James , Pavel Gladyshev , Mohd Taufik Abdullah , Yuandong Zhu

Interlocking logics are at the core of critical systems controlling the traffic within stations. In this paper, we consider a generic interlocking logic, which can be instantiated to control a wide class of stations. We tackle the problem…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Alessandro Cimatti , Alberto Griggio , Gianluca Redondi

We consider Incentive Decision Processes, where a principal seeks to reduce its costs due to another agent's behavior, by offering incentives to the agent for alternate behavior. We focus on the case where a principal interacts with a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-10-19 Sashank J. Reddi , Emma Brunskill

We introduce Prove-It, a Python-based general-purpose interactive theorem-proving assistant designed with the goal of making formal theorem proving as easy and natural as informal theorem proving (with moderate training). Prove-It uses a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Wayne M. Witzel , Warren D. Craft , Robert D. Carr , Joaquín E. Madrid Larrañaga

Interactive proof assistants make it possible for ordinary mathematicians to write definitions and theorems in a formal proof language, like a programming language, so that a computer can parse them and check them against the rules of a…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2024-11-20 Jeremy Avigad , Johan Commelin , Heather Macbeth , Adam Topaz

In this paper, we compare different existing approaches employed in data mining of big proof libraries in automated and interactive theorem proving.

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-03-07 Jónathan Heras , Ekaterina Komendantskaya

We present upper and lower bounds of the computational complexity of the two-way communication model of multiple-prover quantum interactive proof systems whose verifiers are limited to measure-many two-way quantum finite automata. We prove…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-25 Tomoyuki Yamakami

Because of the probabilistic/nondeterministic behavior of quantum programs, it is highly advisable to verify them formally to ensure that they correctly implement their specifications. Formal verification, however, also traditionally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-09 Liyi Li , Mingwei Zhu , Rance Cleaveland , Alexander Nicolellis , Yi Lee , Le Chang , Xiaodi Wu

We consider the problem of how a trusted, but computationally bounded agent (a 'verifier') can learn to interact with one or more powerful but untrusted agents ('provers') in order to solve a given task. More specifically, we study the case…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Lewis Hammond , Sam Adam-Day

We propose a monotonic logic of internalised non-monotonic or instant interactive proofs (LiiP) and reconstruct an existing monotonic logic of internalised monotonic or persistent interactive proofs (LiP) as a minimal conservative extension…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-02-07 Simon Kramer

We present a novel verification technique to prove interesting properties of a class of array programs with a symbolic parameter N denoting the size of arrays. The technique relies on constructing two slightly different versions of the same…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-07-05 Supratik Chakraborty , Ashutosh Gupta , Divyesh Unadkat

We consider the recursive Fourier sampling problem (RFS), and show that there exists an interactive proof for RFS with an efficient classical verifier and efficient quantum prover.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-08-25 Matthew McKague

We introduce the probabilistic two-agent justification logic IPJ, a logic in which we can reason about agents that perform interactive proofs. In order to study the growth rate of the probabilities in IPJ, we present a new method of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-09-27 David Lehnherr , Zoran Ognjanovic , Thomas Studer

ProofPeer strives to be a system for cloud-based interactive theorem proving. After illustrating why such a system is needed, the paper presents some of the design challenges that ProofPeer needs to meet to succeed. Contexts are presented…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2012-01-04 Steven Obua

We explore the features of a user interface where formal proofs can be built through gestural actions. In particular, we show how proof construction steps can be associated to drag-and-drop actions. We argue that this can provide quick and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Pablo Donato , Pierre-Yves Strub , Benjamin Werner

Many techniques for the automated verification of distributed protocols have been developed over the past several years, but their performance is still unpredictable and their failure modes can be opaque for industrial scale verification…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-22 William Schultz , Edward Ashton , Heidi Howard , Stavros Tripakis