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Capability distillation applies knowledge distillation to selected model capabilities, aiming to compress a large language model (LLM) into a smaller one while preserving the abilities needed for a downstream task. However, most existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Xueqi Cheng , Xugui Zhou , Tyler Derr , Yushun Dong

There is increasing interest in distilling task-specific knowledge from large language models (LLM) to smaller student models. Nonetheless, LLM distillation presents a dual challenge: 1) there is a high cost associated with querying the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Yuhang Zhou , Wei Ai

We study distillation for large language models under explicit compute constraints, with the goal of producing student models that are not only cheaper to train, but structurally efficient at inference time. While prior approaches to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Mohammed Sabry , Anya Belz

We present Referee, a novel framework for sentence summarization that can be trained reference-free (i.e., requiring no gold summaries for supervision), while allowing direct control for compression ratio. Our work is the first to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Melanie Sclar , Peter West , Sachin Kumar , Yulia Tsvetkov , Yejin Choi

Current scaling laws for visual AI models focus predominantly on large-scale pretraining, leaving a critical gap in understanding how performance scales for data-constrained downstream tasks. To address this limitation, this paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Wenxuan Yang , Qingqu Wei , Chenxi Ma , Weimin Tan , Bo Yan

The outpouring of various pre-trained models empowers knowledge distillation by providing abundant teacher resources, but there lacks a developed mechanism to utilize these teachers adequately. With a massive model repository composed of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Su Lu , Han-Jia Ye , De-Chuan Zhan

Face recognition in the wild is now advancing towards light-weight models, fast inference speed and resolution-adapted capability. In this paper, we propose a bridge distillation approach to turn a complex face model pretrained on private…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Shiming Ge , Shengwei Zhao , Chenyu Li , Yu Zhang , Jia Li

As large language models increasingly mediate firm - customer interactions, firms face a tradeoff: the most capable models perform well but are costly and difficult to control at scale. Existing knowledge distillation methods address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Tong Wang , K. Sudhir

In this paper, we propose that small models may not need to absorb the cost of pre-training to reap its benefits. Instead, they can capitalize on the astonishing results achieved by modern, enormous models to a surprising degree. We observe…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Sean Farhat , Deming Chen

On-policy self-distillation, where a student is pulled toward a copy of itself conditioned on privileged context (e.g., a verified solution or feedback), offers a promising direction for advancing reasoning capability without a stronger…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Guobin Shen , Xiang Cheng , Chenxiao Zhao , Lei Huang , Jindong Li , Dongcheng Zhao , Xing Yu

Leveraging shared learning through Massively Multilingual Models, state-of-the-art machine translation models are often able to adapt to the paucity of data for low-resource languages. However, this performance comes at the cost of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Harshita Diddee , Sandipan Dandapat , Monojit Choudhury , Tanuja Ganu , Kalika Bali

Knowledge Distillation (KD) can transfer the reasoning abilities of large models to smaller ones, which can reduce the costs to generate Chain-of-Thoughts for reasoning tasks. KD methods typically ask the student to mimic the teacher's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Minsang Kim , Seung Jun Baek

When distilling reasoning from large language models (LLMs) into smaller ones, teacher rationales for similar problems often vary wildly in structure and strategy. Like a chef who makes the same dish differently each time, this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Jialin Yang , Jiankun Wang , Jiajun Wu , Henry Leung , Jiayu Zhou , Steve Drew

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged with remarkable capabilities in complex tasks through Chain-of-Thought reasoning, practical resource constraints have sparked interest in transferring these abilities to smaller models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Jin Cui , Jiaqi Guo , Jiepeng Zhou , Ruixuan Yang , Jiayi Lu , Jiajun Xu , Jiangcheng Song , Boran Zhao , Pengju Ren

Knowledge distillation deploys complex machine learning models in resource-constrained environments by training a smaller student model to emulate internal representations of a complex teacher model. However, the teacher's representations…

Knowledge distillation has emerged as an effective strategy for compressing large language models' (LLMs) knowledge into smaller, more efficient student models. However, standard one-shot distillation methods often produce suboptimal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Kushal Jain , Piyushi Goyal , Kumar Shridhar

Knowledge distillation in machine learning is the process of transferring knowledge from a large model called the teacher to a smaller model called the student. Knowledge distillation is one of the techniques to compress the large network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Durga Prasad Ganta , Himel Das Gupta , Victor S. Sheng

While large audio language models excel at tasks like ASR and emotion recognition, they still struggle with complex reasoning due to the modality gap between audio and text as well as the lack of structured intermediate supervision. To…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-24 Runyan Yang , Yuke Si , Yingying Gao , Junlan Feng , Chao Deng , Shilei Zhang

Scaling neural networks to "large" sizes, with billions of parameters, has been shown to yield impressive results on many challenging problems. However, the inference cost incurred by such large models often prevents their application in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Ankit Singh Rawat , Manzil Zaheer , Aditya Krishna Menon , Amr Ahmed , Sanjiv Kumar

Large-scale language models have recently demonstrated impressive empirical performance. Nevertheless, the improved results are attained at the price of bigger models, more power consumption, and slower inference, which hinder their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Kevin J Liang , Weituo Hao , Dinghan Shen , Yufan Zhou , Weizhu Chen , Changyou Chen , Lawrence Carin