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Automated synthesis of histology images has several potential applications in computational pathology. However, no existing method can generate realistic tissue images with a bespoke cellular layout or user-defined histology parameters. In…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-29 Srijay Deshpande , Muhammad Dawood , Fayyaz Minhas , Nasir Rajpoot

Accessing the synthesizability of crystal structures is pivotal for advancing the practical application of theoretical material structures designed by machine learning or high-throughput screening. However, a significant gap exists between…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-07-10 Zhilong Song , Shuaihua Lu , Minggang Ju , Qionghua Zhou , Jinlan Wang

Within the evolving landscape of deep learning, the dilemma of data quantity and quality has been a long-standing problem. The recent advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) offers a data-centric solution to alleviate the limitations of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Lin Long , Rui Wang , Ruixuan Xiao , Junbo Zhao , Xiao Ding , Gang Chen , Haobo Wang

Predicting cellular responses to genetic perturbations represents a fundamental challenge in systems biology, critical for advancing therapeutic discovery and virtual cell modeling. While large language models (LLMs) show promise for…

Large language models can perform various reasoning tasks by using chain-of-thought prompting, which guides them to find answers through step-by-step demonstrations. However, the quality of the prompts depends on the demonstrations given to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Zhihong Shao , Yeyun Gong , Yelong Shen , Minlie Huang , Nan Duan , Weizhu Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in diverse areas, yet struggle with complex scientific reasoning, especially in the field of chemistry. Different from the simple chemistry tasks (e.g., molecule classification) addressed in previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Siru Ouyang , Zhuosheng Zhang , Bing Yan , Xuan Liu , Yejin Choi , Jiawei Han , Lianhui Qin

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have made rapid progress in single-video understanding, yet their ability to reason across multiple independent video streams remains poorly understood. Existing multi-video benchmarks rely largely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Sara Ghazanfari , Siddharth Garg , Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Farshad Khorrami

Program synthesis or code generation aims to generate a program that satisfies a problem specification. Recent approaches using large-scale pretrained language models (LMs) have shown promising results, yet they have some critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Hung Le , Yue Wang , Akhilesh Deepak Gotmare , Silvio Savarese , Steven C. H. Hoi

In syntax-guided synthesis (SyGuS), a synthesizer's goal is to automatically generate a program belonging to a grammar of possible implementations that meets a logical specification. We investigate a common limitation across…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Saswat Padhi , Todd Millstein , Aditya Nori , Rahul Sharma

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) pipelines are central to applying large language models (LLMs) to proprietary or dynamic data. However, building effective RAG flows is complex, requiring careful selection among vector databases,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Alexander Conway , Debadeepta Dey , Stefan Hackmann , Matthew Hausknecht , Michael Schmidt , Mark Steadman , Nick Volynets

A major bottleneck in search-based program synthesis is the exponentially growing search space which makes learning large programs intractable. Humans mitigate this problem by leveraging the compositional nature of the real world: In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Jonas Witt , Sebastijan Dumančić , Tias Guns , Claus-Christian Carbon

Molecular optimization is a central task in drug discovery that requires precise structural reasoning and domain knowledge. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in generating high-level editing intentions in natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Wenyu Zhu , Chengzhu Li , Xiaohe Tian , Yifan Wang , Yinjun Jia , Jianhui Wang , Bowen Gao , Ya-Qin Zhang , Wei-Ying Ma , Yanyan Lan

Generative models see increasing use in computer-aided drug design. However, while performing well at capturing distributions of molecular motifs, they often produce synthetically inaccessible molecules. To address this, we introduce…

To harness the power of large language models in safety-critical domains, we need to ensure the explainability of their predictions. However, despite the significant attention to model interpretability, there remains an unexplored domain in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Kenza Amara , Rita Sevastjanova , Mennatallah El-Assady

Recent advances in generative AI have accelerated the discovery of novel chemicals and materials. However, scaling these discoveries to industrial production remains a major bottleneck due to the synthesis gap -- the need to develop…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Sakhinana Sagar Srinivas , Shivam Gupta , Venkataramana Runkana

Large Language Models (LLMs) employ three popular training approaches: Masked Language Models (MLM), Causal Language Models (CLM), and Sequence-to-Sequence Models (seq2seq). However, each approach has its strengths and limitations, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Xuefeng Liu , Songhao Jiang , Bo Li , Rick Stevens

Recent work has shown that inference-time reasoning and reflection can improve text-to-image generation without retraining. However, existing approaches often rely on implicit, holistic critiques or unconstrained prompt rewrites, making…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-22 V. Kovalev , A. Kuvshinov , A. Buzovkin , D. Pokidov , D. Timonin

Large language models (LLMs) excel in program synthesis, yet their capacity for neural architecture design -- balancing syntactic reliability, performance, and structural novelty -- remains underexplored. We present a closed-loop…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Waleed Khalid , Dmitry Ignatov , Radu Timofte

Large language model (LLM) training faces a critical bottleneck: the scarcity of high-quality, reasoning-intensive question-answer pairs, especially from sparse, domain-specific sources like PubMed papers or legal documents. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Linqing Chen , Hanmeng Zhong , Wentao Wu , Weilei Wang

Understanding data visualizations like charts and plots requires reasoning about both visual elements and numerics. Although strong in extractive questions, current chart visual question answering (chart VQA) models suffer on complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Zhuowan Li , Bhavan Jasani , Peng Tang , Shabnam Ghadar