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To be adopted in safety-critical domains like medical image analysis, AI systems must provide human-interpretable decisions. Variational Information Pursuit (V-IP) offers an interpretable-by-design framework by sequentially querying input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Md Nahiduzzaman , Steven Korevaar , Zongyuan Ge , Feng Xia , Alireza Bab-Hadiashar , Ruwan Tennakoon

Uncertainty quantification (UQ) has become critical for evaluating the reliability of artificial intelligence systems, especially in medical image segmentation. This study addresses the interpretability of instance-wise uncertainty values…

Deep learning models are now used in many different industries, while in certain domains safety is not a critical issue in the medical field it is a huge concern. Not only, we want the models to generalize well but we also want to know the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-08 Jae Duk Seo

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) plays an indispensable role in demystifying the decision-making processes of AI, especially within the healthcare industry. Clinicians rely heavily on detailed reasoning when making a diagnosis,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Anna Stubbin , Thompson Chyrikov , Jim Zhao , Christina Chajo

Next-generation radio interferometers like the Square Kilometer Array have the potential to unlock scientific discoveries thanks to their unprecedented angular resolution and sensitivity. One key to unlocking their potential resides in…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-01 Tobías I. Liaudat , Matthijs Mars , Matthew A. Price , Marcelo Pereyra , Marta M. Betcke , Jason D. McEwen

The importance of quantifying uncertainty in deep networks has become paramount for reliable real-world applications. In this paper, we propose a method to improve uncertainty estimation in medical Image-to-Image (I2I) translation. Our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Anuja Vats , Ivar Farup , Marius Pedersen , Kiran Raja

Deep learning has been successfully applied to medical image segmentation, enabling accurate identification of regions of interest such as organs and lesions. This approach works effectively across diverse datasets, including those with…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-08 Tianyi Ren , Juampablo Heras Rivera , Hitender Oswal , Yutong Pan , Agamdeep Chopra , Jacob Ruzevick , Mehmet Kurt

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medical diagnostics is often hindered by model opacity, where high-accuracy systems function as "black boxes" without transparent reasoning. This limitation is critical in clinical…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-23 Pascal Passigan , Vayd Ramkumar

In recent years, machine learning has witnessed extensive adoption across various sectors, yet its application in medical image-based disease detection and diagnosis remains challenging due to distribution shifts in real-world data. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Masoumeh Javanbakhat , Md Tasnimul Hasan , Cristoph Lippert

In recent years, deep learning has been applied to a wide range of medical imaging and image processing tasks. In this work, we focus on the estimation of epistemic uncertainty for 3D medical image-to-image translation. We propose a novel…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-22 Ivo M. Baltruschat , Parvaneh Janbakhshi , Melanie Dohmen , Matthias Lenga

Inverse problems are ubiquitous in modern scientific studies and involve recovering an underlying signal from noisy observations often transformed by a measurement operator. These problems are frequently ill-posed, particularly in imaging,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-19 Henry J. Aldridge , Tobías I. Liaudat , Marcelo Pereyra , Jason D. McEwen

Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is crucial in safety-critical applications such as medical image segmentation. Total uncertainty is typically decomposed into data-related aleatoric uncertainty (AU) and model-related epistemic uncertainty…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Jakob Lønborg Christensen , Vedrana Andersen Dahl , Morten Rieger Hannemose , Anders Bjorholm Dahl , Christian F. Baumgartner

Computational image reconstruction algorithms generally produce a single image without any measure of uncertainty or confidence. Regularized Maximum Likelihood (RML) and feed-forward deep learning approaches for inverse problems typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-18 He Sun , Katherine L. Bouman

A model's ability to express its own predictive uncertainty is an essential attribute for maintaining clinical user confidence as computational biomarkers are deployed into real-world medical settings. In the domain of cancer digital…

Introducing accelerated reconstruction algorithms into clinical settings requires measures of uncertainty quantification that accurately assess the relevant uncertainty introduced by the reconstruction algorithm. Many currently deployed…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-12 Luca L. C. Trautmann , Peter A. Wijeratne , Itamar Ronen , Ivor J. A. Simpson

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into medicine is remarkable, offering advanced diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. However, the inherent opacity of complex AI models presents significant challenges to their clinical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Binbin Wen , Yihang Wu , Tareef Daqqaq , Ahmad Chaddad

This paper surveys uncertainty-aware explainable artificial intelligence (UAXAI), examining how uncertainty is incorporated into explanatory pipelines and how such methods are evaluated. Across the literature, three recurring approaches to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Helena Löfström , Tuwe Löfström , Anders Hjort , Fatima Rabia Yapicioglu

Emerging deep-learning (DL)-based techniques have significant potential to revolutionize biomedical imaging. However, one outstanding challenge is the lack of reliability assessment in the DL predictions, whose errors are commonly revealed…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-05-07 Yujia Xue , Shiyi Cheng , Yunzhe Li , Lei Tian

Quantifying uncertainty in a model's predictions is important as it enables the safety of an AI system to be increased by acting on the model's output in an informed manner. This is crucial for applications where the cost of an error is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Aria Khoshsirat

Estimating uncertainty is at the core of performing scientific measurements in HEP: a measurement is not useful without an estimate of its uncertainty. The goal of uncertainty quantification (UQ) is inextricably linked to the question, "how…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2022-11-02 Thomas Y. Chen , Biprateep Dey , Aishik Ghosh , Michael Kagan , Brian Nord , Nesar Ramachandra