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We introduce a tensor network method for approximating thermal equilibrium states of quantum many-body systems at low temperatures. Whereas the usual approach starts from infinite temperature and evolves the state in imaginary time (toward…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 Denise Cocchiarella , Mari Carmen Bañuls

We propose a generalized Lanczos method to generate the many-body basis states of quantum lattice models using tensor-network states (TNS). The ground-state wave function is represented as a linear superposition composed from a set of TNS…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-10-19 Rui-Zhen Huang , Hai-Jun Liao , Zhi-Yuan Liu , Hai-Dong Xie , Zhi-Yuan Xie , Hui-Hai Zhao , Jing Chen , Tao Xiang

We investigate the global-symmetry projections applied to the tensor network states from the view point of the entanglement entropy and the mutual information. The projections to the translational invariant space and to the total-$S^z$-zero…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2012-03-09 Masashi Orii , Hiroshi Ueda , Isao Maruyama

Tree tensor network states (TTNSs) combined with the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) are emerging as powerful tools for vibrational and vibronic structure simulations in molecules with strong coupling and fluxionality. In this…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Henrik R. Larsson , Brieuc Le Dé , Gino E. Gamboni

Tensor network states are used to approximate ground states of local Hamiltonians on a lattice in D spatial dimensions. Different types of tensor network states can be seen to generate different geometries. Matrix product states (MPS) in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-02 G. Evenbly , G. Vidal

We introduce a change of perspective on tensor network states that is defined by the computational graph of the contraction of an amplitude. The resulting class of states, which we refer to as tensor network functions, inherit the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-06 Wen-Yuan Liu , Si-Jing Du , Ruojing Peng , Johnnie Gray , Garnet Kin-Lic Chan

Numerical methods based on tensor networks have been extensively explored in the research of quantum many-body systems in recent years. It has been recognized that the ability of tensor networks to describe a quantum many-body state…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-11-19 Toshiya Hikihara , Hiroshi Ueda , Kouichi Okunishi , Kenji Harada , Tomotoshi Nishino

A fundamental task in quantum information is to approximate a pure quantum state in terms of sparse states or, for a bipartite system, states of bounded Schmidt rank. The optimal deterministic approximation in each case is straightforward,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Aram W. Harrow , Angus Lowe , Freek Witteveen

We demonstrate that projected entangled-pair states (PEPS) are able to represent ground states of critical, fermionic systems exhibiting both 1d and 0d Fermi surfaces on a 2D lattice with an efficient scaling of the bond dimension.…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-11-17 Quinten Mortier , Norbert Schuch , Frank Verstraete , Jutho Haegeman

Tree tensor networks (TTNs) are widely used in low-rank approximation and quantum many-body simulation. In this work, we present a formal analysis of the differential geometry underlying TTNs. Building on this foundation, we develop…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-07 Marius Willner , Marco Trenti , Dirk Lebiedz

The concept of gapped symmetry-protected topological (SPT) states has been generalized to gapless SPT (gSPT) states. Similar to gapped SPT states, gSPT states in one dimension exhibit universal degeneracies in their entanglement spectra.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Wen-Tao Xu , Frank Pollmann , Michael Knap

We propose a novel method for approximate inference in Bayesian networks (BNs). The idea is to sample data from a BN, learn a latent tree model (LTM) from the data offline, and when online, make inference with the LTM instead of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-01-16 Yi Wang , Nevin L. Zhang , Tao Chen

We study Gaussian continuous tensor network states (GCTNS) - a finitely-parameterized subclass of Gaussian states admitting an interpretation as continuum limits of discrete tensor network states. We show that, at short distance, GCTNS…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-19 Marco Rigobello , Erez Zohar

Tensor Networks (TNs) are a computational paradigm used for representing quantum many-body systems. Recent works have shown how TNs can also be applied to perform Machine Learning (ML) tasks, yielding comparable results to standard…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2024-09-26 Lorenzo Borella , Alberto Coppi , Jacopo Pazzini , Andrea Stanco , Marco Trenti , Andrea Triossi , Marco Zanetti

Tensor network states provide successful descriptions of strongly correlated quantum systems with applications ranging from condensed matter physics to cosmology. Any family of tensor network states possesses an underlying entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-30 Matthias Christandl , Angelo Lucia , Péter Vrana , Albert H. Werner

Tensor network states (TNS) are a promising but numerically challenging tool for simulating two-dimensional (2D) quantum many-body problems. We introduce an isometric restriction of the TNS ansatz that allows for highly efficient…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-02-10 Michael P. Zaletel , Frank Pollmann

Originating in quantum physics, tensor networks (TNs) have been widely adopted as exponential machines and parameter decomposers for recognition tasks. Typical TN models, such as Matrix Product States (MPS), have not yet achieved successful…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Chang Nie , Junfang Chen , Yajie Chen

The simplest Tree-Tensor-States (TTS) respecting the Parity and the Time-Reversal symmetries are studied in order to describe the ground states of Long-Ranged Quantum Spin Chains with or without disorder. Explicit formulas are given for the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2021-05-10 Cecile Monthus

Tree tensor networks, or tree-based tensor formats, are prominent model classes for the approximation of high-dimensional functions in computational and data science. They correspond to sum-product neural networks with a sparse connectivity…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-03-25 Bertrand Michel , Anthony Nouy

We prove an area law for the entanglement entropy in gapped one dimensional quantum systems. The bound on the entropy grows surprisingly rapidly with the correlation length; we discuss this in terms of properties of quantum expanders and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-12 M. B. Hastings