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The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has introduced significant security challenges, primarily due to the opacity of firmware components and the complexity of supply chain dependencies. IoT firmware frequently relies on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Abdurrahman Tolay

The rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has increased the scale and diversity of cyberattacks, exposing limitations in traditional intrusion detection systems. Classical machine learning (ML) models such as Random Forest and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Piyumi Bhagya Sudasinghe , Kushan Sudheera Kalupahana Liyanage , Harsha S. Gardiyawasam Pussewalage

This paper presents a novel approach to intrusion detection by integrating traditional signature-based methods with the contextual understanding capabilities of the GPT-2 Large Language Model (LLM). As cyber threats become increasingly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Mohammad F. Al-Hammouri , Yazan Otoum , Rasha Atwa , Amiya Nayak

Automated vulnerability detection in critical-infrastructure software confronts a fundamental barrier: industrial software is routinely deployed as stripped, symbol-free binaries that deprive conventional Software Composition Analysis of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Bowei Ning , Xuejun Zong , Lian Lian , Kan He , Yifei Sun , Yuxiang Lei , Plamen Vasilev

Smart home IoT platforms such as openHAB rely on Trigger Action Condition (TAC) rules to automate device behavior, but the interplay among these rules can give rise to interaction threats, unintended or unsafe behaviors emerging from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Jason Quantrill , Noura Khajehnouri , Zihan Guo , Manar H. Alalfi

The widespread integration of wearable sensing devices in Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems, particularly in healthcare, smart homes, and industrial applications, has required robust human activity recognition (HAR) techniques to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 W. K. M Mithsara , Ning Yang , Ahmed Imteaj , Hussein Zangoti , Abdur R. Shahid

The increasing complexity and scale of the Internet of Things (IoT) have made security a critical concern. This paper presents a novel Large Language Model (LLM)-based framework for comprehensive threat detection and prevention in IoT…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Yazan Otoum , Arghavan Asad , Amiya Nayak

The use of lightweight machine learning (ML) models in internet of things (IoT) networks enables resource constrained IoT devices to perform on-device inference for several critical applications. However, the inference accuracy deteriorates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Henrik C. M. Frederiksen , Junya Shiraishi , Cedomir Stefanovic , Hei Victor Cheng , Shashi Raj Pandey

The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm has displayed tremendous growth in recent years, resulting in innovations like Industry 4.0 and smart environments that provide improvements to efficiency, management of assets and facilitate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Nickolaos Koroniotis , Nour Moustafa , Benjamin Turnbull , Francesco Schiliro , Praveen Gauravaram , Helge Janicke

Ensuring the security of critical infrastructure has become increasingly vital with the proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) systems. However, the heterogeneous nature of IoT data and the lack of human-comprehensible insights from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ashutosh Ghimire , Ghazal Ghajari , Karma Gurung , Love K. Sah , Fathi Amsaad

Through the generalization of deep learning, the research community has addressed critical challenges in the network security domain, like malware identification and anomaly detection. However, they have yet to discuss deploying them on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Arshiya Khan , Chase Cotton

As the number of connected IoT devices continues to grow, securing these systems against cyber threats remains a major challenge, especially in environments with limited computational and energy resources. This paper presents an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Saeid Jamshidi , Amin Nikanjam , Negar Shahabi , Kawser Wazed Nafi , Foutse Khomh , Samira Keivanpour , Rolando Herrero

Low-cost Internet of Things (IoT) devices are increasingly popular but often insecure due to poor update regimes. As a result, many devices run outdated and known-vulnerable versions of open-source software. We address this problem by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Sebastian Jänich , Merlin Sievers , Johannes Kinder

Timely identification of issue reports reflecting software vulnerabilities is crucial, particularly for Internet-of-Things (IoT) where analysis is slower than non-IoT systems. While Machine Learning (ML) and Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Sogol Masoumzadeh

The Internet of Things (IoT) security landscape requires the architectural solutions that can address the technical and operational challenges across the heterogeneous environments. The IoT systems operate in different conditions, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Muhammad Imran

Federated learning (FL) has become an effective paradigm for privacy-preserving, distributed Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) in cyber-physical and Internet of Things (IoT) networks, where centralized data aggregation is often infeasible…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Saeid Jamshidi , Omar Abdul Wahab , Foutse Khomh , Kawser Wazed Nafi

Due to its simple installation and connectivity, the Internet of Things (IoT) is susceptible to malware attacks. Being able to operate autonomously. As IoT devices have become more prevalent, they have become the most tempting targets for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Marwan Omar

The sustainable design of Internet of Things (IoT) networks encompasses considerations related to energy efficiency and autonomy as well as considerations related to reliable communications, ensuring no energy is wasted on undelivered data.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-10 Jimmy Fernandez Landivar , Khojiakbar Botirov , Hazem Sallouha , Marcos Katz , Sofie Pollin

Deep learning models are increasingly deployed on edge Internet of Things (IoT) devices. However, these models typically operate under supervised conditions and fail to recognize unseen classes different from training. To address this,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Dinghao Xue , Xiaoran Fan , Tao Chen , Guohao Lan , Qun Song

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in various domains has led to operational advancements, but it has also introduced new vulnerabilities to cybersecurity threats, as evidenced by recent widespread cyberattacks on IoT…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Alaeddine Diaf , Abdelaziz Amara Korba , Nour Elislem Karabadji , Yacine Ghamri-Doudane
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