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Electronic health records (EHR) data have considerable variability in data completeness across sites and patients. Lack of "EHR data-continuity" or "EHR data-discontinuity", defined as "having medical information recorded outside the reach…

Estimating how a treatment affects different individuals, known as heterogeneous treatment effect estimation, is an important problem in empirical sciences. In the last few years, there has been a considerable interest in adapting machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Christopher Tran , Keith Burghardt , Kristina Lerman , Elena Zheleva

The preponderance of large-scale healthcare databases provide abundant opportunities for comparative effectiveness research. Evidence necessary to making informed treatment decisions often relies on comparing effectiveness of multiple…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-10-06 Liangyuan Hu , Chenyang Gu

Electronic health record (EHR) data are becoming an increasingly common data source for understanding clinical risk of acute events. While their longitudinal nature presents opportunities to observe changing risk over time, these analyses…

One of the most significant barriers to medication treatment is patients' non-adherence to a prescribed medication regimen. The extent of the impact of poor adherence on resulting health measures is often unknown, and typical analyses…

Applications · Statistics 2018-12-04 Luis F. Campos , Mark E. Glickman , Kristen B. Hunter

Randomized experimentation (also known as A/B testing or bucket testing) is widely used in the internet industry to measure the metric impact obtained by different treatment variants. A/B tests identify the treatment variant showing the…

Research documents that Black patients experience worse general surgery outcomes than white patients in the United States. In this paper, we focus on an important but less-examined category: the surgical treatment of emergency general…

Applications · Statistics 2023-11-13 Eli Ben-Michael , Avi Feller , Rachel Kelz , Luke Keele

Databases of electronic health records (EHRs) are increasingly used to inform clinical decisions. Machine learning methods can find patterns in EHRs that are predictive of future adverse outcomes. However, statistical models may be built…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-12-04 Andrew C. Miller , Ziad Obermeyer , Sendhil Mullainathan

Estimating causal effects from randomized experiments is central to clinical research. Reducing the statistical uncertainty in these analyses is an important objective for statisticians. Registries, prior trials, and health records…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-06 Alejandro Schuler , David Walsh , Diana Hall , Jon Walsh , Charles Fisher

Electronic Health Records (EHR) have revolutionized healthcare by digitizing patient data, improving accessibility, and streamlining clinical workflows. However, extracting meaningful insights from these complex and multimodal datasets…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Naama Kashani , Mira Cohen , Uri Shaham

Individuals often respond differently to identical treatments, and characterizing such variability in treatment response is an important aim in the practice of personalized medicine. In this article, we describe a non-parametric accelerated…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-06-22 Nicholas C. Henderson , Thomas A. Louis , Gary L. Rosner , Ravi Varadhan

Contextual sensing and delivery of digital interventions to improve health outcomes have gained significant traction in behavioral and psychiatric studies. Micro-randomized trials (MRTs) are a common experimental design for obtaining…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-01 Jieru Shi , Zhenke Wu , Walter Dempsey

The most widely discussed methods for estimating the Average Causal Effect/Average Treatment Effect are those for intervention in discrete binary variables whose value represents intervention/non-intervention groups. On the other hand,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-21 Yoshiaki Kitazawa

The Average Treatment Effect (ATE) is a global measure of the effectiveness of an experimental treatment intervention. Classical methods of its estimation either ignore relevant covariates or do not fully exploit them. Moreover, past work…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-11-05 Emil Pitkin , Richard Berk , Lawrence Brown , Andreas Buja , Ed George , Kai Zhang , Linda Zhao

Longitudinal electronic health record (EHR) data are often left-censored, making diagnosis records incomplete and unreliable for determining disease onset. In contrast, outpatient prescriptions form renewal-based trajectories that provide a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Pavlin G. Poličar , Dalibor Stanimirović , Blaž Zupan

Data from both a randomized trial and an observational study are sometimes simultaneously available for evaluating the effect of an intervention. The randomized data typically allows for reliable estimation of average treatment effects but…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-01 David Cheng , Tianxi Cai

Advances in wearables and digital technology now make it possible to deliver behavioral mobile health interventions to individuals in their everyday life. The micro-randomized trial (MRT) is increasingly used to provide data to inform the…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-30 Tianchen Qian , Hyesun Yoo , Predrag Klasnja , Daniel Almirall , Susan A. Murphy

Inferring causal relationships from observational data is often challenging due to endogeneity. This paper provides new identification results for causal effects of discrete, ordered and continuous treatments using multiple binary…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-10-21 Nadja van 't Hoff

In sequential causal inference, one estimates the causal net effect of treatment in treatment sequence on an outcome after last treatment in the presence of time-dependent covariates between treatments, improves the estimation by the…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-11-18 Li Yin , Xiaoqin Wang

Assessing treatment effect heterogeneity (TEH) in clinical trials is crucial, as it provides insights into the variability of treatment responses among patients, influencing important decisions related to drug development. Furthermore, it…

Applications · Statistics 2026-02-06 Konstantinos Sechidis , Cong Zhang , Sophie Sun , Yao Chen , Asher Spector , Björn Bornkamp