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The polynomial and the adversary methods are the two main tools for proving lower bounds on query complexity of quantum algorithms. Both methods have found a large number of applications, some problems more suitable for one method, some for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-26 Aleksandrs Belovs

The approximate degree of a Boolean function $f(x_{1},x_{2},\ldots,x_{n})$ is the minimum degree of a real polynomial that approximates $f$ pointwise within $1/3$. Upper bounds on approximate degree have a variety of applications in…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-01-16 Alexander A. Sherstov

When studying the expressive power of neural networks, a main challenge is to understand how the size and depth of the network affect its ability to approximate real functions. However, not all functions are interesting from a practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Gal Vardi , Daniel Reichman , Toniann Pitassi , Ohad Shamir

We design logic circuits based on the notion of zero forcing on graphs; each gate of the circuits is a gadget in which zero forcing is performed. We show that such circuits can evaluate every monotone Boolean function. By using two vertices…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-01-12 Daniel Burgarth , Vittorio Giovannetti , Leslie Hogben , Simone Severini , Michael Young

The approximate degree of a Boolean function f is the least degree of a real polynomial that approximates f pointwise to error at most 1/3. Approximate degree is known to be a lower bound on quantum query complexity. We resolve or nearly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-20 Mark Bun , Robin Kothari , Justin Thaler

Since the breakthrough superpolynomial multilinear formula lower bounds of Raz (Theory of Computing 2006), proving such lower bounds against multilinear algebraic branching programs (mABPs) has been a longstanding open problem in algebraic…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Deepanshu Kush

We prove the first unconditional consistency result for superpolynomial circuit lower bounds with a relatively strong theory of bounded arithmetic. Namely, we show that the theory V$^0_2$ is consistent with the conjecture that NEXP…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Albert Atserias , Sam Buss , Moritz Müller

We prove a lower bound of $\Omega(n^2/\log^2 n)$ on the size of any syntactically multilinear arithmetic circuit computing some explicit multilinear polynomial $f(x_1, \ldots, x_n)$. Our approach expands and improves upon a result of Raz,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-11-03 Noga Alon , Mrinal Kumar , Ben Lee Volk

In this paper, we investigate computational power of threshold circuits and other theoretical models of neural networks in terms of the following four complexity measures: size (the number of gates), depth, weight and energy. Here the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Kei Uchizawa , Haruki Abe

The class P is in fact a proper sub-class of NP. We explore topological properties of the Hamming space 2^[n] where [n]={1, 2,..., n}. With the developed theory, we show: (i) a theorem that is closely related to Erdos and Rado's sunflower…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-10-23 Junichiro Fukuyama

In this paper, we obtain several new factorization results for certain classes of polynomials having integer coefficients. In doing so, we use the information about prime factorization of the value taken up by such polynomials and their…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-24 Rishu Garg , Jitender Singh

We consider a region in the complex plane enclosed by a deltoid curve inscribed in the unit circle, and define a family of polynomials $P_n$ that satisfy the same recurrence relation as the Faber polynomials for this region. We use this…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-06 Peter Cowal , Nicholas F. Marshall , Sara Pollock

The paper proposes an implicit (i.e., machine-independent) complexity approach to studying computation by polynomial-size, constant-depth circuits with gates counting modulo a constant through the lens of discrete ordinary differential…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Melissa Antonelli , Arnaud Durand , Rui Li

In this paper, we study the problem of computing the majority function by low-depth monotone circuits and a related problem of constructing low-depth sorting networks. We consider both the classical setting with elementary operations of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Natalia Dobrokhotova-Maikova , Alexander Kozachinskiy , Vladimir Podolskii

For every $n >0$, we show the existence of a CNF tautology over $O(n^2)$ variables of width $O(\log n)$ such that it has a Polynomial Calculus Resolution refutation over $\{0,1\}$ variables of size $O(n^3polylog(n))$ but any Polynomial…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Sasank Mouli

This paper develops upper and lower bounds for the probability of Boolean functions by treating multiple occurrences of variables as independent and assigning them new individual probabilities. We call this approach dissociation and give an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-06-30 Wolfgang Gatterbauer , Dan Suciu

Polynomial representations of Boolean functions over various rings such as $\mathbb{Z}$ and $\mathbb{Z}_m$ have been studied since Minsky and Papert (1969). From then on, they have been employed in a large variety of fields including…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Xiaoming Sun , Yuan Sun , Jiaheng Wang , Kewen Wu , Zhiyu Xia , Yufan Zheng

Newton iteration (NI) is an almost 350 years old recursive formula that approximates a simple root of a polynomial quite rapidly. We generalize it to a matrix recurrence (allRootsNI) that approximates all the roots simultaneously. In this…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-10-10 Pranjal Dutta , Nitin Saxena , Amit Sinhababu

In the early 1980s, Selman's seminal work on positive Turing reductions showed that positive Turing reduction to NP yields no greater computational power than NP itself. Thus, positive Turing and Turing reducibility to NP differ sharply…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Edith Hemaspaandra

We show that constant-depth Frege systems with counting axioms modulo $m$ polynomially simulate Nullstellensatz refutations modulo $m$. Central to this is a new definition of reducibility from formulas to systems of polynomials with the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Russell Impagliazzo , Nathan Segerlind