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We propose a new positional encoding method for a neural network architecture called the Transformer. Unlike the standard sinusoidal positional encoding, our approach is based on solid mathematical grounds and has a guarantee of not losing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Tsuyoshi Idé , Jokin Labaien , Pin-Yu Chen

This study reports an unintuitive finding that positional encoding enhances learning of recurrent neural networks (RNNs). Positional encoding is a high-dimensional representation of time indices on input data. Most famously, positional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Takashi Morita

Recent advancements in transformer-based models have greatly improved time series analysis, providing robust solutions for tasks such as forecasting, anomaly detection, and classification. A crucial element of these models is positional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Habib Irani , Vangelis Metsis

It is well noted that coordinate based MLPs benefit -- in terms of preserving high-frequency information -- through the encoding of coordinate positions as an array of Fourier features. Hitherto, the rationale for the effectiveness of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Jianqiao Zheng , Sameera Ramasinghe , Simon Lucey

We introduce a new way of learning to encode position information for non-recurrent models, such as Transformer models. Unlike RNN and LSTM, which contain inductive bias by loading the input tokens sequentially, non-recurrent models are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-23 Xuanqing Liu , Hsiang-Fu Yu , Inderjit Dhillon , Cho-Jui Hsieh

In order to preserve word-order information in a non-autoregressive setting, transformer architectures tend to include positional knowledge, by (for instance) adding positional encodings to token embeddings. Several modifications have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Vinit Ravishankar , Anders Søgaard

Attentional mechanisms are order-invariant. Positional encoding is a crucial component to allow attention-based deep model architectures such as Transformer to address sequences or images where the position of information matters. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Yang Li , Si Si , Gang Li , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Samy Bengio

Positional encodings are a core part of transformer-based models, enabling processing of sequential data without recurrence. This paper presents a theoretical framework to analyze how various positional encoding methods, including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yin Li

The Transformer based neural networks have been showing significant advantages on most evaluations of various natural language processing and other sequence-to-sequence tasks due to its inherent architecture based superiorities. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Hailiang Li , Adele Y. C. Wang , Yang Liu , Du Tang , Zhibin Lei , Wenye Li

Neural encoder-decoder models have been successful in natural language generation tasks. However, real applications of abstractive summarization must consider additional constraint that a generated summary should not exceed a desired…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Sho Takase , Naoaki Okazaki

It is well noted that coordinate-based MLPs benefit -- in terms of preserving high-frequency information -- through the encoding of coordinate positions as an array of Fourier features. Hitherto, the rationale for the effectiveness of these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Jianqiao Zheng , Sameera Ramasinghe , Xueqian Li , Simon Lucey

Positional encodings are employed to capture the high frequency information of the encoded signals in implicit neural representation (INR). In this paper, we propose a novel positional encoding method which improves the reconstruction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Bharath Bhushan Damodaran , Francois Schnitzler , Anne Lambert , Pierre Hellier

We introduce a novel positional encoding strategy for Transformer-style models, addressing the shortcomings of existing, often ad hoc, approaches. Our framework provides a flexible mapping from the algebraic specification of a domain to an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Konstantinos Kogkalidis , Jean-Philippe Bernardy , Vikas Garg

Transformers, central to the successes in modern Natural Language Processing, often falter on arithmetic tasks despite their vast capabilities --which paradoxically include remarkable coding abilities. We observe that a crucial challenge is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Ruoqi Shen , Sébastien Bubeck , Ronen Eldan , Yin Tat Lee , Yuanzhi Li , Yi Zhang

Transformer models are permutation equivariant. To supply the order and type information of the input tokens, position and segment embeddings are usually added to the input. Recent works proposed variations of positional encodings with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Pu-Chin Chen , Henry Tsai , Srinadh Bhojanapalli , Hyung Won Chung , Yin-Wen Chang , Chun-Sung Ferng

Transformer architecture has enabled recent progress in speech enhancement. Since Transformers are position-agostic, positional encoding is the de facto standard component used to enable Transformers to distinguish the order of elements in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-15 Qiquan Zhang , Meng Ge , Hongxu Zhu , Eliathamby Ambikairajah , Qi Song , Zhaoheng Ni , Haizhou Li

Transformer architectures rely on explicit position encodings in order to preserve a notion of word order. In this paper, we argue that existing work does not fully utilize position information. For example, the initial proposal of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Zhiheng Huang , Davis Liang , Peng Xu , Bing Xiang

Several recent works use positional encodings to extend the receptive fields of graph neural network (GNN) layers equipped with attention mechanisms. These techniques, however, extend receptive fields to the complete graph, at substantial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Rickard Brüel-Gabrielsson , Mikhail Yurochkin , Justin Solomon

Auto-regressive neural sequence models have been shown to be effective across text generation tasks. However, their left-to-right decoding order prevents generation from being parallelized. Insertion Transformer (Stern et al., 2019) is an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Zhisong Zhang , Yizhe Zhang , Bill Dolan

Positional encodings enable Transformers to incorporate sequential information, yet their theoretical understanding remains limited to two properties: distance attenuation and translation invariance. Because natural language lacks purely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Zihan Gu , Ruoyu Chen , Han Zhang , Hua Zhang , Yue Hu
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